PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 381Brain and CognitionFood for ThoughtGoals of the CourseSyllabusA Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience234Brain and CognitionCognitive neuroscience as reverse engineering of the brain and mind.5Goals of the Course1. Identify how cognitive neuroscience can help your cognitive science and/or psychology PhD program.2. Cover the basic techniques of cognitive neuroscience.3. Practice developing questions that are addressable using cognitive neuroscience methods.4. Work toward integrating these methods with your degree program.6Carl Sagan on ScienceScience is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. It's goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connection of things- from sub-nuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human-social community,and thence to cosmos as a whole.7A Few Introductory Thoughts…“There is no scientific study more vital to man than the study of his own brain. Our entire view of the universe depends on it.”Francis H.C. Crick“You, your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules. […] This hypothesis is so alien to the ideas of most people alive today that it can truly be called astonishing.”Francis H.C. CrickThe Astonishing Hypothesis, 19948A Few Introductory Thoughts…Cognitive Neuroscience as a collaborative field…9A Few Introductory Thoughts…Cognitive Neuroscience as a collaborative field…Q551 as a collaborative class…10A Few Introductory Thoughts…Cognitive Neuroscience as a collaborative field…Q551 as a collaborative class…Cognitive Neuroscience is becoming necessary and in some cases sufficient for hiring…11Course SyllabusAvailable on-line at http://cognitrn.psych.indiana.edu/bu sey/q551Check back often for updates, class notes (slides), readings, etc.12Mind/Brain and DescartesDualism: metaphysical split between mind and bodyThe rational soul is distinct from the body, with which it makes contact at the pineal glandExcellent source on history of psychology:http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Reflex theory (~1633)13L’Homme MachineTitle page of “L’homme machine”1748Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709-1751)Materialism: mental events depend causally on bodily events. La Mettrie extended Descartes’ automata concept from animals to man. According to La Mettrie, conscious and voluntary processes are only distinguished from involuntary and instinctual activities by the relative complexity of their mechanical substrate. The living machine is a purposive, autonomous, and dynamic system.La Mettrie was exiled to Holland due to public anger over his work, his book “L’homme machine” (“Man, a machine”) was publicly burned and eventually he was forced to seek protection from Frederick the Great at Berlin.14Phrenology and LocalizationGall’s method: Correlating variations in character with variations in craniological signs.Moral and intellectual faculties depend on the physical structure of an individual brain. Relative development (usage) results in differential growth. Brain is an “collective” of many faculties and their physical counterparts.Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828)15Phrenology and LocalizationA summary of Gall’s view of the brain:1. The brain is the organ of the mind.2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties.3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or "organ" in the brain.4. The size of an organ, other things being equal, is a measure of its power.5. The shape of the brain is determined by the development of the various organs.6. As the skull takes its shape from the brain, the surface of the skull can be read as an accurate index of psychological aptitudes and tendencies. 1. impulse to propagation (Zeugungstrieb, Fortpflanzung; Instinct de la génération, de la reproduction, de la propagation); 15. faculty of language (Sprachsinn, Sprach-Forschungs-sinn; sens de langage, Talent de la philologie); 2. Tenderness for the offspring, or parental love (Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe; Amour de la progéniture); 16. disposition for colouring, and the delighting in colours (Farbensinn; sens des rapports de couleurs); 3. friendly attachment or fidelity (Anhänglichkeit, Freundschaftsinn; Attachement, amitié); 17. sense for sounds, musical talent (Tonsinn, Musiktalent; Talent de la musique, sens des rapport des tons); 4. valour, self-defense (Mut, Raufsinn, Selbstverteidigungsinstinkt; Instinct de la défense de soi-même et de sa propriété); 18. arithmetic, counting, time (Zahlensinn, Zeitsinn; Sens des rapports des nombres); 5. murder, carnivorousness (Mord/Würgsinn; Instinct carnassier); 19. mechanical skill (Kunstsinn, Bausinn; Sens de mécanique, de construction, Talent de l'architecture); 6. sense of cunning (Schlauheitssinn, List; ruse); 20. comparative perspicuity, sagacity (vergleichender Scharfsinnorgan; Sagacité comparative); 7. larceny, sense of property (Diebessinn, Eigenthumsinn; Sentiment de la propriété); 21. metaphysical perspicuity (Metaphysischer-Tiefsinn; Esprit métaphysique, profondeur d'esprit); 8. pride, arrogance, love of authority (Stolz, Hochmut, Herrschsucht; Orgueil, fierté, hauteur); 22. wit, causality, sense of inference (Witz, Causalität, Folgerungsvermögen; Esprit caustique); 9. ambition and vanity (Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Ehrgeiz; Vanité, ambition, amour de la gloire); 23. poetic talent (Dichtergeist; Talent poétique); 10. circumspection (Behutsamkeit, Vorsicht, Vorsichtigkeit; Circonspection); 24. Good-nature, compassion, moral sense (Gutmüthigkeit, Mitleiden, moralischer Sinn; Bonté, compassion, douceur); 11. aptness to receive an education, or the memoria realis (Erziehungs-Fähigkeit, Sachsinn, Sachgedächtnis; mémoire des choses et des faits, perfectibilité); 25. Mimic (Nachahmungssinn; Faculté d'imiter, mimique) 12. sense of locality (Ortsinn, Raumsinn; Sens des localités); 26. Theosophy, sense of God and religion (Organ der Theosophie,