Architecture, Design & Materials Studio Coordinator: Kai Gutschow Spring 2005, CMU, Arch #48-205 Class website: http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/48-205/(1/7/05)Lecture No.1: ARCHITECTURE & CRAFTMon. Jan. 10, 2005Craft: from the German Kraft = power; or possibly from German Kunst = Art. In English it implies skill, intellectual power. Art is craft + idea Craft applies to aesthetics and quality, NOT industry, cost or efficiencyTrades & Guilds are professions organized by craftArchitecture, Architect, Archi-tecton: changing definitions over time:Master carpenter, craftsman, scientist, artistArt, Artifact, Artifice: from Ars = skill, application of skill in matters of taste. Building = from medieval Dutch Buan = “of earth”; from German Bauen. cf BaukunstEngineering = to contrive, plan or invent (in a crafty, deceptive sort of way). MilitaryDesign, Designer, Disegno = purpose or plan related to function OR model, plot, picture, portrait. Thatwhich can be communicated by drawings or words, a mental plan, intellect, qualitative, imposing orderWorkmanship is application of technique to making with the exercise of care, judgement, dexterity. Workmanship an improve or thwart design, the approximation of an ideal. Cannot be expressed in words or drawings.1) Workmanship of Certainty = pure automation, increase speed, lower cost, avoid variation2) Workmanship of Risk = Craftsmanship, quality is at risk, difficult. Historically prevalent but dying out.Diversity & Freedom = the need to create work processes that allow freedom, yet insure qualityCraftsmanship = the better sort of workmanship. Quality is at risk. Workmanship using any kind ofapparatus or technique, in which the quality is not predetermined, but craftsmanship depends on thejudgement, dexterity and the care of maker. Quality: Arete = Greek excellence (cf. Pirsig)Aura = effervecence of original, of handmade, of genius (cf. W. Benjamin)Authenticity = vs. imitation, copying. OriginalityTechnique = knowledge of how to make things, knowledge that informs workmanshipTechnology, techne = scientific study of technique. Heidegger on technologyIssue related to Craft:Hand Made vs. Machine Made: 1) Eothechnic; 2) Paleotechnic; 3) Neotechnic; 4?) Infotechnic. Can machines be used in creating craft?Handicraft vs. Mass Production: Industrialization. The first machines imitated handicraftOrnament vs. Abstraction: Ornament as the expression of craft. Ornament as man’s instinct to “play”Is abstraction the desire to erase craft? Local vs. Universal: Local, individual aspect of craft, traditions, habits. Not anonymous. Readings: David Pye, Nature and Art of Workmanship (1968) -----. The Nature and Aesthetics of Design (1978)Kenneth Frampton, Studies in Tectonic Culture (1995)Robert M. Pirsig, Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974)Donald Judd, Architektur (1989) Julie Iovine, “Building a Bad Reputation: Sloppy American Craftsmanship,” NY Times Aug. 8, 2004.Architect Louis Kahn on Craftsmanship, and the Nature of