CHEM 106 1nd Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. Holes in packed structures and ionic solidsOutline of Current Lecture II. Organic ChemistryIII. Functional Groupsa. Hydrocarbons, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic, Amines, Alcohol, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid, Ester, AmideCurrent LectureChapter 13: Organic Chemistry13.1 Chemistry of all compounds containing C-C and/or C-H bonds, regardless of originC (carbon) forms strong bonds to: itself (single, double, triple), H, C, N, O, stable chains and ringsReview: Section 8.2 – Lewis structures and section 9.2 – VSEPR theoryC also forms strong bonds w/ O, N, H halogens-Remember octet rule – 4 bondsThis leads to immense variety – categorized by functional group Fig 13.1 (pg. 593)Categories and structure: confer chemical characteristics also physical properties (e.g. reactivity, melting point, boiling point, solubility)Functional Groups:13.2 Hydrocarbons – only C, HAlkanes – single bond (C-C) 3 carbon, propaneC is tetrahedralRotation w/ single bondsBond < 109°13.3 Alkenes – at least one C=C (double bond) 3 carbons, propeneBond < 180°*changes geometryAlkynes – at least one C≡C (triple bond)3 carbons, propyneBond <180°*changes geometryMost common are alkanes and alkenes, alkynes are less common. 13.4 Aromatic, at least one benzene ringRing with alternating single and double bondsBond <120°Planar (flat) Equivalent structures13.5 Amines – any compound with C-N N makes 3 bonds + a lone pairDon’t confuse with ammoniaEx: Methyl amine:Smells like rotten fish13.6 Alcohol – C compound w/ OHIf 1 C, methanol If 3 C, propanolEther – replace alcoholic H w/ a CEx: Dimethyl ether13.7 Aldehyde – C w/o double bond at the end of a chainEx: Propanal Ketone – C=O, but not at the end of a chainEx: propanone Bond <120° Carboxylic Acid – ends with2 carbons, ethanoic acid = acetic acid = vinegar What happens if you substitute a C for the H in OH?Ester – structure includesEx: polyester Amide – structure includesEx: methyl
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