RayII-1. A converging lens has a focal length f = 20cm when it is in air. The lens is made of glass with index of refraction nglass = 1.6. When the lens is placed in water (nwater = 1.33), the focal length of the lens is..A: Unchanged. B: greater, f > 20 cm.C: smaller, f < 20cm, but still positive D: negative.Answer: greater, f > 20cm. The rays of light are bent when they pass from the medium (air or water) into the glass according to Snell's law. The amount of bending (the chan ge in the angle, ) depends on the change in the index of refraction, n. Bigger change in n means bigger change in angle, , that is, more bending. If the lens is immersed in a fluid with the same n as the glass, then there is no refraction: n = 0, = 0. When the lens is in air the change in n is n = 1.6 - 1 = 0.6. When the lens is in water, the change in n is n = 1.6 - 1.33 = 0.27. Smaller n in the water means less bending, a longer focal length f.RayII-2 Two point sources of light are imaged onto a screen by a converging lens as shown. The images are labeled 1 and 2. A mask is used to cover up the left half of the lens, as shown. What happens to the images on the screen when the mask is inserted overthe left half the lens?rays in water (less bending of ray, longer f) raysin airA: Image 1 vanishesB: Image 2 vanishesC: Something else happensAnswer: Something else happens. Both images dim somewhat but neither disappears. Rays from each source cover the entire lens. When half the lens is covered, half the rays from each source are blocked, but the other half get through, producing a dimmed image.screenlensmask12screenlensmask12RayII-3. A bundle of parallel rays approaches the eye and some of the rays enter the eye'spupil, as shown below. No other rays enter the eye. What does the eye see?A: A single point of light, surrounded by blackness. B: A uniformly illuminated wall of light, like a white wall.C: Many scattered points of light, like stars in the night sky.D: None of theseAnswer: A single point of light, surrounded by blackness. A point source at infinity makes a parallel bundle of rays. The lens of the eye focuses these rays onto a point on the retina, and the brain perceives a point of light.EyeRayII-4 A converging lens focuses the light from a nearby point source onto an image, asshown. The "focal point" of a lens is the point on the optic axis, one focal length f from the lens. Where is the focal point of this lens?A: between the lens and the imageB: at the imageC: further from the lens than the image.Answer: the focal point is between the image and the lens. The focal point is where parallel rays (along the optic axis) would focus. A ray hitting the edge of the lens will be bent by same angle , regardless of the incoming angle. So when the object moves (from infinity) toward the lens, the image moves away from the lens, but the focal point remains stationary by definition.RayII-5. An object is placed is placed near a diverging lens, but the object is further from the lens than the absolute value of the focal length of the lens. The image formed is..A: Real B: Virtual C: there is no image.The magnitude of the image distance, compared to the object distance, is ...A: smaller. B: greater. objectimageABCsame angleAnswers: The image is virtual and the image distance is smaller than the object distance. The only way to understand this is to draw a ray diagram:You get the same answers whether or not the object distance is further from the lens than the focal point.RayII-6. An object is placed closer to a magnifying glass than the focal length. What are the signs of the focal length f, the object distance do, and the image distance di?A: f > 0, do > 0, di < 0.B: f < 0, do > 0, di < 0.C: f > 0, do < 0, di > 0. D: f > 0, do > 0, di > 0.If do = 5cm, |di| = 15 cm, and the object height ho is 1cm, what is the image height hi ? A: 2cm B: 3cm C: 4cm D: None of these.Answers: optic axis object image imageobject(virtual!)dodif positive for converging lenses. Object distance positive, l >0, for real objects (always the case, in this course). Image distance negative , l' < 0, since image is virtual and on left of lens.Image height is 3cm. hhddioio 5153RayII-7. A person who is "near-sighted", or myopic, cannot focus on faraway objects (objects at infinity) because the curvature of the person's eye-lens is too great. This causes parallel rays (from a distant point source) to bend too much and focus in front of the retina. The person sees a fuzzy patch of light rather than a sharp point.This person needs eyeglasses with lenses that areA: converging B: divergingC: either converging or diverging, depending on much correction is needed.Answer: diverging lens is needed. To be diverging, a lens must bethinner in the middle. Eyeglasses to correct myopia are shaped like: The job of the eyeglasses is to take the real image at l = and create a(virtual) image close enough so the myopic eye can focus on it.In my case, my myopia is so bad that I can focus on objects no furtherthan 11 cm from my eye. So for my glasses, when the object is atinfinity (l = ), the virtual image must be 11 cm from my eye, which means it must be about 9.5cm from the glasses (l' = -9.5 cm = -0.095 m). The lens equation says: 1 1 1 1 10 095110 5L L' f m f ,.. dioptersDiopters = 1/f, where f is in meters. (Optometrists always indicate lens power in diopters.)f too shortRayII-9. An astronomical refracting telescope has 3/4 of its objective lens covered with amask.The observer reports that, compared to the image with no mask, the image is A: unchanged. B: 3/4 covered. C: the same image, but 1/4 as bright. D: the same image but 1/16 as bright.E: None of these.Answer: The image is (1/4) as bright, but is otherwise unchanged. (Actually, there will also be some loss of resolution, but this will not be very apparent to the viewer, unless themagnification is very high.)RayII-10What's wrong with that scene in 2001 where Astronaut Dave Bowman is piloting his pod?A: Astronaut Dave Bowman can't read the screens on his console.B: He's not weightless.C: There's no thrust plume coming from his pod.D: The background stars are moving.E: Something else is wrong.Answer: He can’t read the screens. The movie shows images of his display consoles being projected onto his face, meaning there must be a converging lens
View Full Document
Unlocking...