March 14, 2003: The RUNOFF source file of this document has not been located. This file is the result of scan, OCR, and manual touchup, starting with an original loose-leaf copy of the December 1966 version. CTSS PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE Section AH.9.O1 12/66 1 Revised: 12/15/66IdentificationManuscript typing and editingTYPSET, RUNOFFJ. Saltzer, X6O39PurposeThe command TYPSET is used to create and edit 12-bit BCDline-marked files. This command permits editing andrevising by context, rather than by line number. Thecommand RUNOFF will print out (in a format subject tocontrol words placed in the file via TYPSET) a 12-bit BCDline-marked file in manuscript format. RUNOFF containsseveral special control features which were not availablewith the DITTO command, including type-justification.ReferencesThis work represents one more iteration in the arduous taskof creating an "ultimate" editing scheme. As such, it isprimarily a synthesis of techniques which have been provenvaluable in several separate problem areas. It is felt thatthis particular synthesis brings to bear on the editingproblem an easy to use package of techniques, and mightprovide a model for an editor on a "next generation"time-sharing system. Here is a list of some of the sourcesof ideas for these commands: J. McCarthy (Colossal typewriter) S. Piner (Expensive Typewriter) P. Samson (Justify) Comp. Center staff (Input, Edit, and File) M. L. Lowry (Memo, Modify, and Ditto) M. P. Barnett (Photon) V. H. Yngve (Comit, Vedit) R. S. (Madbug) A. L. Samuels (Edits) F. J. Corbato´ (Revise)CTSS PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE Section AH.9.O1 12/66 2 An Edit-by-Context ProgramProgram Name: TYPSETDescriptionTYPSET is a command program used to type in and editmemorandum files of English text. TYPSET, along with thecommand RUNOFF, is a replacement for the (old system)commands MEMO, MODIFY, and DITTO. Editing is specified bycontext, rather than line number, and input is accomplishedat high speed since the program does not respond betweenlines.Usage TYPSET name"name" specifies the primary name of a file to be edited, orof a file to be created; it may be absent, in which case afile is to be created, and must be named later by the "FILE"request.When TYPSET is ready for typing to begin, the word "Input"or "Edit" is typed, and the user may begin. If he iscreating a file, he begins in high-speed input mode; if heis editing a file, he begins in edit mode.High-Speed Input ModeIn high speed input mode, the user may type lines of up to36O characters in length (e.g., 12O underlined characters)separated by carriage returns. He does not walt forresponse from the program or the supervisor between lines,but may type as rapidly as desired. The full character setof his keyboard may be used.The user leaves high-speed input mode and enters edit modeby typing an extra carriage return. When switching modes,the program acknowledges the switch by typing the name ofthe new mode, "Input" or "Edit".Edit ModeIn Edit mode, the program recognizes "requests" of the formgiven below. All requests take effect immediately on a copyof the file being edited. Except where a request isexpected to cause a response, such as "PRINT," successiverequests may be entered immediately on successive lineswithout waiting for a response from the program. Eachseparate request must begin on a separate line. Programresponses are typed in red, if you use a two-color ribbon.CTSS PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE Section AH.9.O1 12/66 3Character SetThe standard 12-bit character set is available. (SeeSection AC.2.O1.) The preset erase character is # and thepreset kill character is @ . The 1O5O characters lozenge,cent sign, plus-over-minus, and exclamation point should not *be used in TYPSET memos. Anticipated future changes to the1O5O character set are not guaranteed to preserve the codevalues or existence of these characters.RequestsEditing is done line by line. We may envision a pointerwhich at the beginning of editing is above the first line ofthe file. This pointer is moved down to different lines bysame requests, while other requests specify some action tobe done to the line next to the pointer. All requestsexcept FILE may be abbreviated by giving only the firstletter. Illegal or misspelled requests will be commentedupon and ignored.For purposes of description, the requests have been dividedinto two categories, those necessary for effective use ofthe command, and special-purpose requests which are not sogenerally useful. The first category includes eightrequests:LOCATE character string This request moves the pointer down to the first line which contains the given character string. Only enough of the line need be specified to identify it uniquely. Since the pointer only moves down through the file the second occurrance of a line containing a given character string may be located by giving the LOCATE request twice. The line which has been found is printed in its entirety. It is not necessary to count blank characters exactly. If one blank character appears at some point in the request string, any number of blank characters or tabs at the corresponding point in the file will be deemed to satisfy the request. If 2 blank characters appear together in the request string, there must be at least two blank characters or tabs at the corresponding point in the file, etc. If the LOCATE request fails to find a line containing the given character string, a message is printed, and the pointer is set to point after the last line in the file. Any requests which were