Use r%Interact ion%P atterns%and%Strategies%in%Lar ge%%Inte ractive%D evice%Landscapes%!White&Paper&for&the&Workshop&on&Pervasive&Computing&at&Scale&(PeCS)&!Erik!Stolterman,!!Professor!in!informatics!School!of!Informatics!and!Computing!Indiana!University,!Bloomington,!IN.!!Today,! most! individuals! in! developed! countries! live! with,! and! use,! a! large! number! of!interactive& artifacts,! systems,! and! devices.! This! does! not,! however,! mean! that! they! fully!know!how!to!interact!with!these!devices!or!how!these!devices!interact!with!each!other.!Any!network! of! interactive! digital! artifacts,! or! interactive&device&landscape,! creates,! due! to! its!dynamic! and! interactive! nature,! emerging! qualities! difficult! to! describe,! analyze,! and!explain.!!!To!live!within!and!to!make!use!of!large!numbers!of!interactive!devices!is!quite!challenging!and! can! be! a! source! of! frustration! for! many! individuals! since! they! do! not! feel! as! if! they!understand!or!have! control!over!their!own!immediate!personal!interactive!environment.!At!the!same!time,!most!people!continue!to!increase!the!complexity!of!their!interactive!device!landscape! by! adding! even! more! artifacts! leading! to! an! increase! of! both! interactivity! and!connectedness.! Being! a! user! or! an! owner! of! a! large! set! of! interconnected! devices! is! a!growing!concern!that,!so!far!has!not!gotten!sufficient!research!attention.!To!complicate!this!further,! people! do! not! live! in! easily! defined! device! landscapes.! They! live! in! a! complex!reality!where!artifacts,!devices,!and!systems!from!work,!home,!and!public!domains!create!networks! of! devices! that! to! an! individual! all! overlap! and! becomes! one! large! emergent!device!landscape.!!There!is!a!need!for!HCI!research!aimed!at!the!analysis!and!examination!of!user!interaction!patterns! and! use! strategies! of! interactive! device! landscapes! with! the! purpose! to! create!knowledge! about! how! people,! over! time,! experience,& understand,! and! strategize ! their! use!and! development! of! their! interactive! device! landscapes.! There! is! also! a! research!methodological!need!for!appropriate!approaches!and!methods!for!such!examinations.!!One!reason!for!the!study!of!large!device!landscapes!from!the!perspective&of&the&user!is!the!fact!that!people’s!interactive!environments!are!not!intentionally!designed!as!a!system!or!as!a!whole.!Designers!and!developers!only!have!control!of!the!design!of!individual!artifacts!or!maybe! parts! of! a! network! but! the! final! composition! of! a! person’s! device! landscape! is! a!result!of!decisions!made!by!many!designers,!developers,!service!providers,!employers,!and!others.! The! final! emerging! device! landscape,! as&experienced&by&the&user,! is! not! a! designed!entity;!instead!it!is!a!composite,!an!emergent!entity!that!evolves!from!a!day‐to‐day!process!of!adding,!removing,!and!exchanging!new!individual!devices,!systems,!and!infrastructures.!!!This! perspective! differs! from! what! is! commonly! found! in! ubiquitous& computing! and!pervasive& computing& research& (Abowd! &! Mynatt,! 2000;! Rogers,! 2006;! Greenfield,! 2006),!that!so!far!have!been!quite!focused!on!particular!solutions!based!on!specific!perspectives,!for! instance,! from! an& information& management& perspective!(Oulasvirta! &! Sumari,! 2007;!Dearman! &! Pierce,! 2008);! or!a! technical& infrastructure& perspective!(Rodden! &! Benford,!2003;!Schilit!&!Sengupta,!2004),!or!a! mobile&contexts&perspective !(Mainwaring,!Anderson!&!Chang,! 2005;! Woodruff,! Anderson! &! Mainwaring,! 2007).! Most! of! this! research! has! a!perspective!that!is!generally !systemic,!that!is,!it!is!based!on!the!assumption!that!the!overall!question!or!challenge!is!how!to!design! systems! that!lead!to!a!well‐designed! environment!for!a!user.!So,! while!ubiquitous!approaches!often!focuses!on!the! interactive!environment!as!a!coherent!system!of!carefully!managed!computational!devices!and!resources,!the!approach!proposed!here!would! take!on! the! study!of! device!landscapes! as!they! are! understood!and!handled!by!an!individual!user!(or!small!groups!of!users).!!!We! therefore! propose! user&interaction&oriented&research! on! large‐scale! pervasive! systems!based!on!the!assumptions!that!there!is!a!general!need!for:!!• theories! and! frameworks! by! which! we! can! describe,! analyze,! and! interpret! what! it!means!for!individuals!to!use,!live,!and!manage!interactive!device!landscapes,!!• design! and! development& perspectives! that! better! recognize! and! can! build! on!knowledge!about!how!people!already!use!and!strategize!their!device!!landscapes!!• methodological&development!in!how!to!study!user!interaction!patterns!and!strategies!in!interactive!device!landscapes.!!!The!proposed!approach!is!inspired!and!based!on!research!we!have!conducted!over!the!last!few!years!where!we!have!explored!and!tested!some!of!these!ideas!and!also!experimented!with!some!potential!methodological!techniques!and!tools.!In!this!initial!research!we!found!that! users! develop,! not! necessarily! conscious,! highly! diverse! ways! of! understanding,!strategizing,!and!managing!their!device!landscapes!(Jung!et!al,!2008:!Ryan!et!al!2009).!We!see!these!preliminary!attempts!as!promising!but!there!is!a!need!for!much!larger!initiatives,!with!more!diverse!and!developed!approaches,!carried!out!by!many!research!groups.!!Even!though!research!of!device!landscapes!as!proposed!here!is!challenging!in!many!ways,!primarily!because!of! the!complexity!of! the!object! of! study,!and! can! be!overwhelming,! we!are! convinced! that! knowledge! about! human! computer! interaction! is! not! anymore! only!about! the! traditional! task‐focused! single‐artifact/single‐user! context,! or! about! the!interactive! well‐designed! ubiquitous! environment! (system).! Instead,! for! most!