Classifying Living OrganismsCarolus Linnaeus’ Classification SystemCarolus LinneausCommon Names for Lutjanus griseusAvoiding common namesClassifying by RelationshipDomains6 Kingdoms of Living ThingsDomain Archaea or Kingdom ArchaebacteriaDomain or Kingdom: BacteriaBaceria ShapesHeterotrophic BacteriaAutotrophic BacteriaDomain EukaryotaProtist KingdomsProtista includes Protozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movementProtista includes several types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)Kingdom Plantae4 Main Divisions of PlantsKingdom FungiFungi are classified by how they make SPORES9 Major Animal PhylaKingdom AnimaliaWhat is a virus?How to Classify VirusesShapes:Lytic CycleLysogenic CycleAre virus alive?Classifying Living OrganismsDomains and KingdomsCarolus Linnaeus’ Classification SystemSwedish botanist (1707-1778)Binomial Nomenclature – two-part scientific name  Genus speciesWhy Latin?Latin was the language known universally by the educated Also used as a descriptorCarolus LinneausKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusspeciesCommon Names for Lutjanus griseus gray silkmangrove snapper mangrove pargue mango snapperpargueblack pargueblack snapper lawyer silksnapperAvoiding common namesCat Gato Koshka Chien  kitty Cougar Mountain Lion Puma Catamount PantherClassifying by RelationshipKingdom Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPhylum Chordata Chordata ChordataClass Mammalia Mammalia MammaliaOrder Carnivora Carnivora CarnivoraFamily Canidae Canidae FelidaeGenus Canis Canis Felisspecies familiaris latrans domesticusDomains6 Kingdoms of Living ThingsArchaebacteriaEubacteriaProtista FungiPlantaeAnimaliaDomain Archaeaor Kingdom ArchaebacteriaProkaryoteunicellularOften do not need oxygenLive in harsh environments; classified base on where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)Domain or Kingdom: BacteriaProkaryoteunicellularOften do need oxygenLive and feed by decomposing other cells.Some can do photosynthesis.Cell walls made of peptidoglycan.videoBaceria Shapes 1. Bacilli: - Rod-shaped 2. Cocci: - Spherical (round like a coconut)3. Spirilla: - Long and spiral shaped.Heterotrophic Bacteria1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use;E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you.2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.Autotrophic BacteriaProducers -> Use sunlight to make food and are often green. Example: Cyanobacteria: Blue-green algaeLives in waterHas chlorophyll (green pigment for photosynthesis) Some others have blue or red pigment.Domain EukaryotaEukaryoteUnicellular or multicellularIncludes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae, Kingdom Fungi and Protista.Protist KingdomsEukaryoteUnicellularHeterotroph or AutotrophNo cell walls in ProtozoaProtista includesProtozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movementProtista includesseveral types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)Kingdom PlantaeEukaryotemulticellularAutotrophs: PhotosynthesisStrong cell walls made of cellulose4 Main Divisions of PlantsKingdom FungiEukaryoteMulticellular or possibly unicellularHeterotroph: absorb nutrients from decomposing organismsCell walls made of protein (chitin), not cellulosevideoFungi are classified by how they make SPORES9 Major Animal PhylaPorifera (sponges)Cnidaria (jellyfish)Platyhelminthes (flatworms)Nematoda (roundworms)Annelida (segmentedworms)Mollusca (snails, clams, squid)Arthropoda (insects, crabs)Echinodermata (starfish)Chordata (vertebrates)Kingdom AnimaliaEukaryotemulticellularHeterotroph: eat other organismsCells lack cell wallsVIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!What is a virus?•Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living organisms (hosts).Structure of Virus:•Capsid (Protein coat)•Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)How to Classify Viruses1. By their shape2. Type of disease they cause.3. Kind of genetic material they have (DNA, RNA)Shapes:1. CylindersEx. Tobacco mosaic virus, attacks tobacco plants. 2. SpheresEx. Influenza virus3. CrystalsEx. Polio Virus 1. Spacecraft - Attacks only bacteria.Lytic CycleProcess used by virus using a cell to make more of their kind.Lysogenic CycleAre virus alive? Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. They are not made of cells.They need a host cell to reproduce. There is no cure, only a treatment. Antibiotics DO NOT kill virusesAntiviral medications only stop viruses from