Treating Mental IllnessCategories of Mental IllnessSlide 3Slide 4Mental Health Care PractitionersSlide 6Treatments & TherapiesSlide 8Drug TherapySlide 10Slide 11Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)PsychotherapyQuestions to Contemplate…Treating Mental Illness Bittu Majmudar September 25, 2007 NeuroethicsCategories of Mental Illness•Anxiety Disorders–Generalized Anxiety Disorder–Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)–Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)–Panic Disorder–Social Anxiety Disorder–Specific Phobias•Mood Disorders–Depression–Mania–Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depression)Categories of Mental Illness•Psychotic Disorders –Schizophrenia•Eating Disorders–Anorexia Nervosa–Bulimia Nervosa•Impulse Control & Addiction Disorders–Pyromania (starting fires)–Kleptomania (stealing)–Compulsive GamblingCategories of Mental Illness•Personality Disorders–Antisocial Personality Disorder–Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder–Paranoid Personality Disorder•Adjustment Disorder•Dissociative Disorders–Dissociative Identity Disorder–Depersonalization Disorder•Somatoform Disorders•Tic Disorders–Tourette SyndromeMental Health Care Practitioners•Psychiatrist–medical doctor•Psychologist –master’s or doctoral degree•Psychiatric Social Worker –specialized training in psychotherapy•Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurse –training in behavioral healthMental Health Care Practitioners•Psychoanalyst–any of the previous with training in psychoanalysis•Mental Health Counselor–licensed professional counselors•Pastoral Counselor–additional religious or theological training•Psychotherapist–general practitioner that provides mental health careTreatments & Therapies•Drug Therapy•Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)•Psychotherapy–Supportive Psychotherapy–Psychoanalysis–Psychodynamic Psychotherapy–Cognitive Therapy–Behavior Therapy (Exposure Therapy)–Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy(Dialectical Behavior Therapy)–Group / Interpersonal TherapyTreatments & Therapies•Biomedical Treatment•Spiritual Treatment•Self-Help Treatment•Holistic Treatments–Yoga / Meditation•Alternative Treatments–Acupuncture–Biofeedback–Hypnosis / Dream Interpretation–Magnetic Stimulation TherapyDrug Therapy•Depression–tricyclics: imipramine, desipramine–monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)–selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram–new: bupropion•Schizophrenia–antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications: clozapine, risperidone, olanzapineDrug Therapy•Bipolar Disorder–antimanic medications: lithium –antidepressants–anticonvulsants: valproic acid, carbamazepine, topiramate•ADD / ADHD–stimulant medications: amphetamine, methylphenidate–non-stimulant medications: atomoxetineDrug Therapy•Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder–buspirone, propranolol–antianxiety medications: benzodiazepines–antidepressant medications: fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertralineElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)•severe depression accompanied by psychosis, suicidal intent, or refusal to eat•mania that does not improve with medications•schizophrenia when symptoms are severe or medications aren’t enoughPsychotherapy•depression•bipolar disorder•personality disorders•dissociative disorders•anxiety disorders•impulse control & addiction disordersQuestions to Contemplate…•What criteria should be used to define mental illness and abnormal v. normal behavior?•Does refusal to accept treatment indicate a lack of decision-making capacity?•At what point is informed consent inapplicable and involuntary treatment
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