1GEOL 180 - Winter 2008 SyllabusIntroduction to OceanographyInstructor: Frank BuonaiutoEmail: [email protected] (212) 650-3092Office hours: Rm 1049 HN Mon, Wed 4:45 - 5:45 pmLecture hours: Rm 511 HW Mon - Thu 1:00 - 4:45 pmCourse Description: This course will offer an introduction to the fascinating and complex subject of Oceanography. We will discuss physical, chemical, biological and geological aspects of the oceans. We will learn about the structure and motion of the atmosphere and how they influence ocean circulation. We will discuss waves, tides and coasts, and we will make discuss environmental issues connected with the world’s oceans as we discuss all these topics. In addition, although the focus of this course is not biological oceanography, whenever possible we will discuss primary productivity and the distribution of life within the oceans.OceanographyOceanographyAn Invitation to Marine ScienceAn Invitation to Marine Science66ththEditionEditionbybyTom GarrisonTom Garrisonhttp://oceanography.brookscole.com/garrison6eRequired Text: Oceanography – CUNY, Hunter College, 1thedition, Garrison, T. , 2007, Thomson.Grades:Grades are based on attendance, class participation and quizes.Attendance – 20%Participation – 20%Chapter Quizes - 60% (8-10 quizes) Grading is as follows: 90-100=A; 80-89=B; 70-79=C; 60-69=D; <60=F.Come to class, participate and if you encounter difficulties, bring them to the professor’s attention as soon as you find them, don’t wait till the end of the semester!Keep in mind:One of your best friends in this course is the textbook. Makeup Exams:will NOT be given except in the most extreme cases. Academic Dishonesty:Hunter College regards acts of academic dishonesty (e.g., plagiarism, cheating on examinations, obtaining unfair advantage, and falsification of records and official documents as serious offenses against the values of intellectual honesty. The College is committed to enforcing the CUNY Policy on Academic Integrity and will pursue cases of academic dishonesty according to the Hunter College Academic Integrity Procedures.2Introduction To Oceanography GEOL 180 Tentative Lecture Schedule Winter, 2008 Chapter 12 Coasts, Beaches & Estuaries 12 Wed23 Chapter 11 Tides 11 Tue 22 No Class Martin Luther King Jr. DayMon 21 Chapter 10 Waves 10 Thu 17Chapter 9 Circulation of the Ocean 09 Wed 16 Chapter 8 Circulation of the Atmosphere 08 Tue 15Chapter 7 Ocean Chemistry 07Mon 14 Chapter 6 Water & Ocean Structure 06 Thu 10 Chapter 5 Sediments 05 Wed09 Chapter 4 Continental Margins & Ocean Basins 04Tue 08 Chapter 3 Earth Structure & Plate Tectonics 03Mon 07 Chapter 2 Space, Time, Origins 02 Thu 03 Chapter 1 Introductory Lecture 01 Wed 02 Jan Reading Subject LecDay Date Month Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Knowing the Ocean WorldKnowing the Ocean WorldOceanographySubdisciplinesThe World’s Oceans – general characteristicsThe History of OceanographyErastosthenes and the size and shape of EarthLatitude and LongitudeLongitude and TimeOceanography: is the study of the earth's oceans and their interlinked ecosystems, geological, chemical and physicalprocesses. •Geological oceanography: the study of geologic processes in the oceans (plate tectonics, coastal morphology) •Chemical oceanography: the study of the chemistry of the oceans •Meteorological oceanography: the study of the interaction between atmosphere and the oceans •Physical oceanography: the study of the physical attributes of the oceans (temperature-salinity structure, waves, tides, currents) •Biological oceanography: the study of the flora and faunaof the oceans Chapter 1 - General description of the world’s oceans, Latitude and Longitude or how to find an ‘address’ on Earth, some history of scientific discovery. Chapter 2 - Earth and its origins, life and the oceansGeological oceanography: the study of geologic processes in the oceans (plate tectonics, coastal morphology)Inner structure of the Earth and how oceans and continents form – Chapter 3 – Ocean floor, continental margins and ocean basins – Chapter 4 – A look at what makes ocean features: sediments – Chapter 5.Chemical oceanography: the study of the chemistry of the oceans This is a lot about physics too, as it deals with the internal structure of the matter that makes the oceans: water –Chapter 6 – Then ocean water is not just pure water, it has salt and many other dissolved components – Chapter 7.•Meteorological oceanography: the study of the interaction between atmosphere and the oceans Where there is ocean there is motion: the waters move because the air moves. Hence, where there is oceans there is an atmosphere, and they interact – Chapter 8.•Physical oceanography: the study of the physical attributes of the oceans (temperature-salinity structure, waves, tides, currents) Finally we look into the motion of sea water in detail, first at the surface currents and how surface motion relates to motion deeper in the oceans – Chapter 9 – Motion of energy across the sea surface by waves: big waves, small waves, internal waves, huge-enormous waves – Chapter 10 –The longest of all oceans waves: the tides – Chapter 11. Chapter 12 – Coasts & Estuaries is a lot about connections among all other chapters!Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla CA (UC-San Diego)Three of the most prominent oceanographic institutions in the US: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, NYWoods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Cape Code, MA (MIT)3Summary of the relative amount of water in various locations on or near Earth’s surface. More than 97% of the water lies in the ocean. Of all water at Earth’s surface, ice on land contains about 1.7%, groundwater 0.8%, rivers and lakes 0.007%, and the atmosphere 0.001%. NONE, as small as they may be, are unimportant!Mid-Atlantic RidgeOcean’s deepest spotEarth’s highest mountainPacific Ocean Basin, Earth’s largest featureThe average depth of the ocean is 4 ½ times as great as average land elevation (about 840 m or ½ mile). Note the extent of the Pacific Ocean, Earth’s most prominent single feature.Fig. 1-5, p. 6CuriosityA question arises about an event or situation: Why and how does this happen? Why are things this way?Stepped ArtTheoryPatterns emerge. If one or more of the relationships hold, the hypothesis becomes a theory, an explanation for the observations that is accepted by most researchers.ExperimentsTests are undertaken in