Survey of Music Literature: Unit 2 Study SheetSurvey of Music Literature: Unit 2 Study Sheet1. c.1820 – 1900 the Romantic Period in music 2. Romanticism embraces passion, strangeness, wonder, self-expression, freedom, innovation.3. emotional expression the prime emphasis of Romantic artists 4. Liszt and Paganini solo performers in the Romantic era who became performing stars.5. lied German art song6. song cycle a group of lieder unified by a theme7. lieder often used poetry with themes of love, longing and nature8. Franz Schubert a German Romantic composer who wrote more than 600 lieder.9. bohemian a person with artistic or literary interests who disregards conventional standards of behavior10. Robert Schumann a German composer whose career as a concert pianist was thwarted by a hand injury11. preludes, intermezzos and impromptus short lyric piano pieces 12. Frederic Chopin Polish composer who has been called the “poet of the piano” and is credited with originating the modern piano style13. nocturne night song14. tempo rubato “robbed” or “borrowed” time15. Clara Wieck Schumann a German virtuoso concert pianist and a composer who was a significant influence on bothRobert Schumann and Johannes Brahms16. Program music instrumental music that has literary or pictorial associations17. overture from a middle English word meaning “opening”18. concert overture came from the concept of the opera overture and is a single-movement concert piece for orchestra based on a literary idea19. incidental music usually consists of an overture and a series of pieces to be performed between the acts of a play and during important scenes20. program symphony a multi-movement orchestral work that includes a descriptive title or program21. symphonic poem the only original large form in Romantic music; one movement with free structure, for orchestra; also called “tone poem”22. Hector Berlioz a French composer who was never very successful in his home country23. idée fixe “fixed idea”; a recurring theme representing something; used by Berlioz in his Symphony fantastique24. nationalism stimulated by political unrest throughout Europe and expressed by the Romantic composers as a love and pride in the homeland25. Bedrich Smetana the first Bohemian composer to achieve international prominence26. Antonin Dvorak a late-Romantic Czech composer who inspired his American pupils to be more nationalistic 27. Edvard Grieg “the voice of Norway”, best known for his Piano Concerto and the incidental music for Peer Gynt28. Jean Sibelius a Finnish nationalistic composer who is most remembered for his symphonic poem, Finlandia29. “The Mighty Five” a group of young musicians of the Russian national school and included Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Modest Mussorgsky30. Edward Elgar and Frederick Delius composers of the English national school31. Isaac Albeniz, Enrique Granados and Manuel de Falla the nationalistic composers of Spain32. Johannes Brahms a German composer who created a Romantic art in the purest Classical style, extended from Beethoven as a traditionalist, but with a Romantic influence33. Felix Mendelssohn a German composer who represents the classicist trend within the Romantic movement; his Violin Concerto in E minor is one of the most popular violin concertos of all time34. Louis Moreau Gottschalk an American Creole pianist and composer who pioneered the use of American song and dance in his works35. John Knowles Paine wrote Mass in D, the first large-scale classical work by an American to be performed in Europe36. Edward MacDowell an American composer who made important strides in turning the national path away from the Germanic style by incorporating Native American tunes in such works as Woodland Sketches.37. Amy Cheney Beach widely recognized in her lifetime as the leading American woman composer38. lyric opera French opera which featured appealing melodies and romantic drama and is best exemplified by Georges Bizet, whose Carmen is a masterpiece of the French lyric stage39. bel canto literally means “beautiful singing”; a style of singing characterized by florid melodic lines and delivered by voices of great agility and purity of tone; Italian Romantic opera marked the high point of this style40. Giuseppe Verdi the master of 19th century Italian opera, who sought to develop a uniquely national Italian style41. Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini prominent Romantic Italian opera composers42. Jenny Lind was known as the “Swedish nightingale”; an opera star who toured America with P.T. Barnum43. Rigoletto a Verdi opera which is one of the most performed today and is based on a play by Victor Hugo44. music drama a genre created by Wagner that integrated theater and music, as continuous instead of sectional45. leitmotifs recurring themes that represent a person, place, or idea46. The Ring of the Nibelung a cycle of 4 music dramas written by Wagner and based on a German epic poem adapted from Norse myths and legends.47. Giacomo Puccini a post-Romantic Italian opera composer; wrote La boheme, Tosca and Madame Butterfly48. verismo a movement associated with post-Romantic Italian opera composers including Pietro Mascagni, Ruggero Leoncavallo and Giacomo Puccini who sought to bring naturalism and realism into the opera tradition.49. Ballet became an independent art form in the 18th century50. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky a Russian composer of the late Romantic period whose best loved works were his ballets:Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker.Listening List1. Schubert: Erlking2. Robert Schumann: “And if the flowers knew,” from A Poet’s Love, No. 83. Chopin: Nocturne in C minor, Op. 48, No. 14. Clara Schumann: Scherzo, Op. 105. Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique Fourth movement6. Smetana: The Moldau7. Brahms: Symphony No. 3 in F major, Op. 90, third movement8. Brahms: A German Requiem, fourth movement9. Verdi: Rigoletto, Act III10. Wagner: Die Walkure Act III, Farewell and Magic Fire Music11. Puccini: Madame Butterfly, “Un bel di”12. Japanese Kouta: A White Fan13. Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker,