Slides for Chapter 1 Characterization of Distributed SystemsFigure 1.1 (see book for the full text) Selected application domains and associated networked applicationsFigure 1.2 An example financial trading systemFigure 1.3 A typical portion of the InternetFigure 1.4 Portable and handheld devices in a distributed systemFigure 1.5 Cloud computingFigure 1.6 Growth of the Internet (computers and web servers)Section 1.5.7 TransparenciesFigure 1.7 Web servers and web browsersFrom Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and BlairDistributed Systems: Concepts and DesignEdition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012 Slides for Chapter 1 Characterization of Distributed Systems2Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Figure 1.1 (see book for the full text)Selected application domains and associated networked applicationsFinance and commerce eCommerce e.g. Amazon and eBay, PayPal, online banking and trading The information societyWeb information and search engines, ebooks, Wikipedia; social networking: Facebook and MySpace.Creative industries and entertainmentonline gaming, music and film in the home, user-generated content, e.g. YouTube, FlickrHealthcare health informatics, on online patient records, monitoring patientsEducation e-learning, virtual learning environments; distance learningTransport and logistics GPS in route finding systems, map services: Google Maps, Google EarthScience The Grid as an enabling technology for collaboration between scientistsEnvironmental management sensor technology to monitor earthquakes, floods or tsunamis3Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Figure 1.2 An example financial trading systemInstructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 intranetISPdesktop computer:backbonesatellite linkserver:☎network link:☎☎☎Figure 1.3A typical portion of the InternetInstructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Figure 1.4Portable and handheld devices in a distributed system6Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Figure 1.5Cloud computingInstructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Figure 1.6Growth of the Internet (computers and web servers)Date Computers Web servers Percentage1993, July1,776,000 130 0.0081995, July 6,642,000 23,500 0.41997, July 19,540,000 1,203,096 61999, July 56,218,000 6,598,697 122001, July 125,888,197 31,299,592 2542,298,3712003, July2005, July~200,000,000353,284,187 67,571,5812119Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Section 1.5.7TransparenciesAccess transparency: enables local and remote resources to be accessed using identical operations.Location transparency: enables resources to be accessed without knowledge of their physical or network location (for example, which building or IP address).Concurrency transparency: enables several processes to operate concurrently using shared resources without interference between them.Replication transparency: enables multiple instances of resources to be used to increase reliability and performance without knowledge of the replicas by users or application programmers.Failure transparency: enables the concealment of faults, allowing users and application programs to complete their tasks despite the failure of hardware or software components.Mobility transparency: allows the movement of resources and clients within a system without affecting the operation of users or programs.Performance transparency: allows the system to be reconfigured to improve performance as loads vary.Scaling transparency: allows the system and applications to expand in scale without change to the system structure or the application algorithms.Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012 Figure 1.7Web servers and web browsersInternetBrowsersWeb serverswww.google.comwww.cdk5.netwww.w3c.orgstandardsfaq.htmlhttp://www.w3.org/standards/faq.html#conformancehttp://www.google.comlsearch?q=obamahttp://www.cdk5.net/File system