PSU CHEM 110 - Covalent bonds molecules & organic chemistry

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Sheets Page 1 Lecture 13 Lecture 13: Covalent bonds, molecules & organic chemistry Read: BLB 2.6, 2.9; 25.2 HW: BLB 2:43,45,69,70,71; Sup Organic:1–4, 7–9 Know: • valences • structural isomers • functional groups • alkanes, alkenes, alkynes & aromatics “No Score” from Exam 1?? Not a problem—Go see Mike in 210 Whitmore Need help?? Get help!! TAs in CRC (211 Whitmore) and Supplemental Instruction (SI)—hours on Chem 110 website; Sheets office hours: Mon 12:30-2; Tue 10:30-12 in 324 (or 326 Chem Bldg) Keep reviewing what we’ve covered previously in class. We will cover the same concepts over & over again in different contexts and build on what was covered previously. BST #7 Molecular formulas & structure: Thur, Feb. 19Sheets Page 2 Lecture 13 Intro to organic chemistry valence & Lewis structures organic compounds hydrocarbons functional groups structural isomers molecular & condensed molecular formulas organic chemistry: huge family of molecules containing C and H, &, many times, O, N or halogens. make up molecules found in life (proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids, carbohydrates), and many polymers (polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) & small molecules (e.g, octanes found in gasoline, sugars, …) Many of you will have the joy of studying organic chemistry in much more detail next year. yay!Sheets Page 3 Lecture 13Sheets Page 4 Lecture 13 Using valence to determine Lewis structures • use valence to determine how many connections an atom usua lly makes (but this is NOT always true, see CO, for example); this is really helpful for expanding organic formulas; note: this is NOT the same as valence electrons! valence F, Cl, Br O, S N C, SiSheets Page 5 Lecture 13 Some examples of using valence molecular formula condensed molecular formula structural formula NH3 NH3 C3H8 CH3CH2CH3 C2H6O CH3CH2OH C2H6O CH3OCH3 review the Lewis structure supplement on our lecture note pageSheets Page 6 Lecture 13 Multiple bonds & organic chemistry hydrocarbons: molecules containing only H & C; the simplest organic molecules • alkanes: molecules with C–C single bonds; stable & unreactive • alkenes: molecules with one or more C=C double bonds; unstable & reactive • alkynes: molecules with C C triple bonds; unstable & reactive • aromatics: molecules with alternating single & double bonds; stable & unreactive CCCCCCHHHHHHC CHHHHH C C HH C CH HH HHSheets Page 7 Lecture 13 Aromatics: an example of a hydrocarbon resonance structure • C–C 1.54 Å • C=C 1.34 Å • C C 1.40 Å Why so stable? Chap 9 Remember: structure effects function! CCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHSheets Page 8 Lecture 13 Organic functional group classes • compounds with functional groups: contain a representative group of elements in a fixed pattern; each particular functional group tends to react similarly—almost independently of rest of structure; know & recognize the purple functional groups; see BLB Table 25.4 R = rest of the molecule • alcohols • ethers • aldehydes • ketones • carboxylic acids • esters • amines • amides R OHR O R'OCR HOCR R'OCR OHOCR O R'R NH2R NHR'R NR'R"OCR NHR'Sheets Page 9 Lecture 13 Example: What functional groups are present in the molecule shown? CCCCCCH3OHHOHOHHOHHHH A. amine B. carboxylic acid C. alcohol D. ketone E. aldehydeSheets Page 10 Lecture 13 Example: Identify any functional groups that are present. H2N CH CCH2OHOCHCHN CCCHCHCHHC A. amine B. carboxylic acid C. alcohol D. ketone E. aldehydeSheets Page 11 Lecture 13 Structural isomers structural isomer: same molecular formula, but different connections between atomsSheets Page 12 Lecture 13 Cyclic organic molecules are possible too CCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHC6H12C5H10C6H6CCCCNNHHHHHC4H5NHSheets Page 13 Lecture 13 Example: Which of the following molecules, if any, represent structural isomers of each other? 1432Sheets Page 14 Lecture 13 Before next class: Read: BLB 3.3–3.5 HW: BLB 3:21a,c,e&f,25,29,37,49,51,53 Sup 3:1–8 Know: • molecular & empirical formulas • formula & molecular weights Answers: p 9: C and E p 10: A and B p 13: 2 and


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PSU CHEM 110 - Covalent bonds molecules & organic chemistry

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