Lecture 13 Covalent bonds molecules organic chemistry Read HW BLB 2 6 2 9 25 2 BLB 2 43 45 69 70 71 Sup Organic 1 4 7 9 Know valences structural isomers functional groups alkanes alkenes alkynes aromatics No Score from Exam 1 Not a problem Go see Mike in 210 Whitmore Need help Get help TAs in CRC 211 Whitmore and Supplemental Instruction SI hours on Chem 110 website Sheets office hours Mon 12 30 2 Tue 10 30 12 in 324 or 326 Chem Bldg Keep reviewing what we ve covered previously in class We will cover the same concepts over over again in different contexts and build on what was covered previously BST 7 Molecular formulas structure Thur Feb 19 Sheets Page 1 Lecture 13 Intro to organic chemistry valence Lewis structures organic compounds hydrocarbons functional groups structural isomers molecular condensed molecular formulas organic chemistry huge family of molecules containing C and H many times O N or halogens make up molecules found in life proteins DNA RNA lipids carbohydrates and many polymers polypropylene polystyrene etc small molecules e g octanes found in gasoline sugars Many of you will have the joy of studying organic chemistry in much more detail next year yay Sheets Page 2 Lecture 13 Sheets Page 3 Lecture 13 Using valence to determine Lewis structures use valence to determine how many connections an atom usually makes but this is NOT always true see CO for example this is really helpful for expanding organic formulas note this is NOT the same as valence electrons valence F Cl Br O S N C Si Sheets Page 4 Lecture 13 Some examples of using valence molecular formula NH3 C3H8 C2H6O C2H6O condensed molecular formula structural formula NH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 review the Lewis structure supplement on our lecture note page Sheets Page 5 Lecture 13 Multiple bonds organic chemistry hydrocarbons molecules containing only H C the simplest organic molecules H H alkanes molecules with C C single bonds stable unreactive H C C H H H alkenes molecules with one or more C C double bonds unstable reactive alkynes molecules with C unstable reactive H H C C H H C triple bonds H C C H H aromatics molecules with alternating single double bonds stable unreactive H C C H C C C C H Sheets Page 6 Lecture 13 H H Aromatics an example of a hydrocarbon resonance structure H H H C C C H H C C C H H C C C H H C C 1 54 C C 1 34 C C 1 40 H C C C H H Why so stable Chap 9 Remember structure effects function Sheets Page 7 Lecture 13 Organic functional group classes compounds with functional groups contain a representative group of elements in a fixed pattern each particular functional group tends to react similarly almost independently of rest of structure know recognize the purple functional groups see BLB Table 25 4 R rest of the molecule alcohols R ethers OH R O aldehydes C R O R O ketones H R C R O O carboxylic acids C R esters OH R amines R NH2 R NH R N R R O amides R Sheets R C C N H R Page 8 Lecture 13 O R Example What functional groups are present in the molecule shown O H C H OH H C C H OH OH C C H CH3 H A amine B carboxylic acid C alcohol D ketone E aldehyde Sheets Page 9 Lecture 13 Example Identify any functional groups that are present O H2N CH C OH CH2 HC C H C C HN C CH C CH H A amine B carboxylic acid C alcohol D ketone E aldehyde Sheets Page 10 Lecture 13 Structural isomers structural isomer same molecular formula but different connections between atoms Sheets Page 11 Lecture 13 Cyclic organic molecules are possible too H H C6H12 H H C H C C H C C H C H H H C H H H H H C5H10 H H C H C C H C H H H H C6H6 C H C C C C H H C H H H N N H C4H5N H H C C C C H Sheets H Page 12 Lecture 13 Example Which of the following molecules if any represent structural isomers of each other 1 2 3 Sheets 4 Page 13 Lecture 13 Before next class Read HW BLB 3 3 3 5 BLB 3 21a c e f 25 29 37 49 51 53 Sup 3 1 8 Know molecular empirical formulas formula molecular weights Answers p 9 C and E p 10 A and B p 13 2 and 4 Sheets Page 14 Lecture 13
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