Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Slide 37Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58Slide 59Slide 60Slide 61Slide 62Slide 63Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumGateway To SpaceASEN / ASTR 2500Class #02Gateway To SpaceASEN / ASTR 2500Class #02- Who is here for the first time?-1 Minute Report, use same number and put full name on them- Attendance Sheet- Next time Spacecraft Overview Part 2, ITLL In-class Orientation & HW 01 Due (Remember to follow naming guidelines on syllabus)- Pictures- Space Grant OverviewAnnouncements:Announcements:- What is your name?- How are teams formed?- Still confused on submitting homework.- What kind of satellite are we going to build?- How big is the team?- Will we work with airplanes?- Is the class very technical?- How much building will there actually be?- Will it be built during class time?- When we will get into our teams?- Missing class policy?- How is it possible that there are so many A’s and B’s if the class is really hard?- How much outside work will be expected beyond homework?- What makes the class so hard?- More info about Space Grant- What basic skills are most needed?1 Minute Reports:1 Minute Reports:Questions?Questions?Colorado Space Grant ConsortiumColorado Space Grant ConsortiumSpacecraft OverviewClass #02Spacecraft OverviewClass #02- Say you wanted to put this into orbit…Introduction:Introduction:- What are some of the questions you would need to answer?- The answers make up most spacecraft systems- Today we’ll look at most of themAnswers:Answers:- What would you have to worry about?- What would you need?- How much would it cost?- How much would it weigh?- How long would it work?- What type of orbit would it need to be in?- How long would it take to get it to orbit?- How do you know it will work when it gets there?Other Questions:Other Questions:- Radiation- Temperature Extremes- Vacuum of Space- Atmospheric Drag- Cleanliness- Launch Loads- Shock- Power- Mission LifeWhat To Worry About?What To Worry About?- Autonomy- Cash- Pointing- Schedule- Weight- Launch Vehicle- Temperature Control System- Communication System- Command and Data System- Structure and Mechanisms- Power System- Attitude System- Software- Propulsion System- CashWhat Do You Need?What Do You Need?- Schedule- Budget- Plan- Testing- Reliability - Operators- People, People, People- OrganizationWhat Do You Need?What Do You Need?Organization?Organization?PowerCommProject Management StructuresThermalADCS C&DHMOPSGround OpsEducationWebScience SoftwareSystems Engineering- Teamwork- Do you want to take picture of Boulder every day?- At the same time?- As many times as possible per day?- Pick orbit right up frontDifferent Types of Orbits- Polar Orbits- LEO- GEO- Different altitudes and inclinations- Sun Synchronous Orbits- STK (Satellite Tool Kit)Orbit Selection:Orbit Selection:-Then pick launch vehicle based on your orbit needs-Weight needs-Cost needs-Certain launch vehicles can’t go to all orbitsLaunch Vehicle:Launch Vehicle:-Your launch vehicle helps direct your structure design-Volume, CG, and weight constraints-Launch loads and shock issues associated with LV-Interface constraints-Vibration constraintsStructure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:Structure:-The whole purpose of the structure is to support the payload-Then the other systems-Composites- Honeycomb-Aluminum- Plate- Isogrid-Titanium-Stainless SteelStructure:Structure:- In addition to structure you have mechanisms- People are afraid of mechanisms- Two types, deployment and payload support- They usually are single point failures- Hard to test on ground as they are used in space- Mast example (Special Programs, Balloon)- KC-135 Boom VideoMechanisms:Mechanisms:Boom:Boom:Mechanisms:Mechanisms:- Deployment failures usually are mission ending- Spacecraft design try to minimize mechanisms- Deployment mechanisms are the biggest concern- Pointing mechanisms are less of an issueMechanisms:Mechanisms:Mechanisms:Mechanisms:- Think of it as an internet connection- Data rates are similar- Can only connect for 10 minutes (pass time)- This can vary based on orbit- Transmitter (TX)- Receiver (RX)- Antennas (TX, RX, and Ground)- Sometimes modems and TNC- TX are big power hogs but usually not on all the time- Cell phone technology- IP technologyCommunication:Communication:-Attitude Determination and Control System-Driving a car on a mountain pass at night without headlights and no tires-Some determination can be done on ground- Determination System- Star Trackers, Magnetometer, Sun Sensors - BoomsADCS:ADCS:+Zst+Yst+Xst-Controls Systems- Torque Rods, Momentum Wheel, Thrusters, gyros- A lot of software and control lawsADCS:ADCS:ADCS:ADCS:-There is high likelihood of power being the reason a satellite fails-Miniature power plant-Most spacecraft use less power than a 300 W light bulb-Very complicated system-BatteriesPower:Power:-Solar cells-Charging circuits-Distribution system-Control system-Conversion systemPower:Power:- Is limiting factor on long missions- Station keeping- Attitude Control- Delta V burns (orbit maneuvers)- Atmospheric Drag- Different types- Mono-propellant- Bi-propellant- Cold Gas- IonPropulsion:Propulsion:Propulsion:Propulsion:- Can make or break a system literally- Three types of thermal control: Active, Passive, Do Nothing- Active- Heaters, heat pipes, thermostats, cryogenics- Passive- Radiators, insulation, surface finishes, conductive materials- Do Nothing- Usually a combination of first twoThermal:Thermal:Thermal:Thermal:Thermal:Thermal:-Command and Data Handling-The brain of a satellite-Is pretty dumb without software-Basically a home computer but much smaller and less of a power hog-Very difficult system, many unknowns and bugsC&DH:C&DH:-Consists of:- Motherboard or CPU- Firmware- Storage device or medium- Sub-nets or sub processors- Many sensors- Many interface boardsC&DH:C&DH:- Programmers are worth weight in gold- Days of Voyager spacecraft are over- Today, satellites are very complex and so is the software- Software is