Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Essentials of Intentional InterviewingCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningCounseling in a Multicultural WorldAllen E. IveyUniversity of Massachusetts, AmherstUniversity of South Florida at TampaMary Bradford IveyUniversity of South Florida at Tampaand Microtraining Associates, Inc.Chapter 1Skilled Interviewing and CounselingCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningChapter GoalsDefine and discuss interviewing, counseling and psychotherapy.Assess yourself as holistic and a unique multicultural being.Recognize the importance of a positive approach.Define cultural intentionality and intentional competence.Copyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningSlide OneChapter GoalsGain knowledge of the microskills hierarchy.Recognize that microskills are used in all counseling theories.Record/document your natural style.Compare your natural style with your subsequent skill development.Copyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningSlide TwoInterviewingCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningBasic process for gathering information, problem solving and advice giving.Interviewers may be:Guidance and counseling stafMedical personnelBusiness peopleWide variety of helping professionalsCounselingCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningCounseling is more intensive and personal than interviewing.Counselors help people with normal problems / opportunities.Counseling most often associated with:PsychologyPsychiatry, to a limited extentSocial workGuidancePastoral counselingPsychotherapyCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningPsychotherapy is more intense than counseling.Focuses on deep-seated personality or behavioral difficulties.Intentional interviewing skills are equally important for efective psychotherapy.InterrelationshipsCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningInterviewing CounselingPsychotherapyFigure 1-1 The interrelationship of interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapyClinical CounselingCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningNew TerminologyCovers the same areas as shown in Figure 1.1Engages in therapeutic practice.Demands competence:InterviewingCounselingDiagnosis TreatmentMulticultural World“As all behaviors are learned and displayed in a cultural context, all interviewing and counseling are multicultural.”Paul Pedersen (2006)Copyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningSlide OneMulticultural WorldAccount for cultural diferences.Ensure minorities receive mental health care tailored to their needs.Discuss obvious multicultural diferences early in the session.Use common sense and skilled judgment.Copyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningTrust Is the Issue, Slide TwoRESPECTFUL ModelCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningMulticultural Review Issues, D’Andrea & Daniels, 2001R Religion/spiritualityE Economic/class backgroundS Sexual identityP Personal styleE Ethnic/racial identityC Chronological/lifespan challengesT TraumaF Family backgroundU Unique physical characteristicsL Location of residence/languagePositive OrientationCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningFocus on Strengths and WellnessStory: As told by the client.Positive Assets: Build on positive aspects and client’s strengths.Restory: Generate new ways for the client to talk about themselves.Action: Help the client bring new ways of thinking and being into action.Positive OrientationCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningDrawing Out Client StoriesListeningStrength DevelopmentNew PerspectivesAction Planning1. Story2. Positive Asset Search3. Re-story4. ActionCultural IntentionalityCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningAlternative for Cultural DiferencesCultural Intentionality is assessing client cultural background and flexing microskill application to achieve specific results. Recognize that the result achieved from use of specific microskills may vary widely among clients from different cultures.Cultural IntentionalityCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningAlternatives for Cultural DiferencesKnow and integrate communication styles and relationship experiences of diverse cultural groups into your own personal helping style.AgeRaceGenderLifestyleEthnicityIndividualitySexual OrientationReligion / SpiritualityHealthAbilityDisabilityDevelopmentIntentionalityCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningDeveloping Multiple ResponsesIntentionality is acting with a sense of capability. Choosing from among a range of alternative actions, thoughts, and behaviors in responding to changing life situations.IntentionalityCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningDeveloping Multiple ResponsesListen first; solve problems later.Avoid “perfect” solutions.Avoid jumping to the “right” response too soon.Adapt your style to suit diferent individuals / cultures.Intentional CompetenceCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningDeveloping Multiple ResponsesIntentional Competence is integrating your natural style, self-understanding, and artistic abilities with the somewhat predictable client responses from your use of the microskills, allowing you to flex and change direction in order to be with your client in new ways, required for their development.Intentional PredictionCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningExpect Specific Results From Specific Use of MicroskillsAs an example…Open QuestionsClosed QuestionsBegin an interview.Open new topics and pinpoint/clarify details.Identify specifics.Assist with client / situation assessment.Focus the interviewReveal specific details.Close down client talk.Increase interviewer control.Predicted ResultCopyright ©2008 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson LearningExpect Specific Results From Specific Use of MicroskillsAs an example…Open QuestionsClosed QuestionsEncourage more pertinent detail.Clients talk more and give more detail.Encourage more focused client talk.Encourage more pertinent detailEncourage less wandering.Clients provide specific information.Microskills ApproachCopyright ©2008