Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a Sequencing Batch ReactorSND in SBRNitrification/Denitrification BasicsSlide 4Slide 5Introduction to SNDSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Experimental Methods: StatesSlide 12Slide 13Experimental Methods: States: AerateSlide 15Slide 16Slide 17Experimental Methods: Testing MethodsSlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Results: PIDResults: Ammonia StandardsResults: Nitrate StandardsResults: SamplesResults: Total Nitrogen RemovalSlide 27ConclusionsSlide 29SuggestionsSimultaneous Nitrification Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in a and Denitrification in a Sequencing Batch ReactorSequencing Batch ReactorWill LambertWill LambertRobert NwaokoroRobert NwaokoroStephen RussoStephen RussoSND in SBRSND in SBRNitrification/Denitrification Nitrification/Denitrification BasicsBasicsIntroduction to SNDExperimental MethodsResultsConclusionsSuggestions/Questions?Nitrification/Denitrification Nitrification/Denitrification BasicsBasicsWhy remove nitrogen?Why remove nitrogen?Limiting nutrient in oceans and estuaries.Nitrates in drinking water cause Methemoglobinemia“blue-baby” syndrome.Nitrification/Denitrification Nitrification/Denitrification BasicsBasicsDenitrification (anaerobic)Nitrification (aerobic)Nitroso bactersDenitrification (anaerobic)Nitrification (aerobic)NitrosomonasAmmonificationAssimilationAmmoniaNitriteN2 (gas)Organic NitrogenNitrateFixationNitrogen Cycle in Waste TreatmentSND in SBRSND in SBRNitrification/Denitrification BasicsIntroduction to SNDIntroduction to SNDExperimental MethodsResultsConclusionsSuggestions/Questions?Introduction to SNDIntroduction to SNDWhat is SND?What is SND?Simultaneous reactions occur of:Simultaneous reactions occur of:AmmonificationAmmonificationNitrificationNitrificationDenitrificationDenitrificationNormally occur in different stepsNormally occur in different stepsWhy use SND?Obstacles to SNDSolutionsIntroduction to SNDIntroduction to SNDWhat is SND?Why use SND?Why use SND?Reduction of:Reduction of:CostCostEnergyEnergySludgeSludgeObstacles to SNDSolutionsIntroduction to SNDIntroduction to SNDWhat is SND?Why use SND?Obstacles to SNDObstacles to SNDNitrification is aerobicNitrification is aerobicDenitrification is anaerobicDenitrification is anaerobicSolutionsIntroduction to SNDIntroduction to SNDWhat is SND?Why use SND?Obstacles to SNDSolutionsSolutionsAchieve aerobic/anaerobic Achieve aerobic/anaerobic environment:environment:Low DOLow DO0.5 – 1 mg/L0.5 – 1 mg/LLarge flocsLarge flocsBiofilmsBiofilmsSND in SBRSND in SBRNitrification/Denitrification BasicsIntroduction to SNDExperimental MethodsExperimental MethodsStatesStatesTesting MethodsTesting MethodsResultsConclusionsSuggestions/Questions?Experimental Methods: Experimental Methods: StatesStatesFill with WasteFill with WasteRun for 18.3 sRun for 18.3 s140 mL delivered140 mL deliveredBased on 459 mL/min peristaltic pump flow Based on 459 mL/min peristaltic pump flow raterateFill with WaterAerateSettleDrainExperimental Methods: Experimental Methods: StatesStatesFill with WasteFill with WaterFill with WaterRun for 350 s AND…Run for 350 s AND…Reactor volume is 4 L over 5 s averageReactor volume is 4 L over 5 s averageFail safe if pump failed to deliver Fail safe if pump failed to deliver appropriate amount of fluidappropriate amount of fluidAerateSettleDrainExperimental Methods: Experimental Methods: StatesStatesFill with WasteFill with WaterAerateAerateRun time variedRun time varied8, 18, 24 hours8, 18, 24 hoursAeration rate controlled by PID controlAeration rate controlled by PID controlTarget DO = 0.5 mg/LTarget DO = 0.5 mg/LSettleDrainExperimental Methods: Experimental Methods: States: AerateStates: AerateProportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) ControlControlEquation: Equation: Trial and error determined Trial and error determined PP, , II, and , and DD values valuesEffective control was met when DO reached 0.5 mg/LEffective control was met when DO reached 0.5 mg/L  DDIIPctTtTKtu1)(Experimental Methods: Experimental Methods: StatesStatesFill with WasteFill with WaterAerateSettleSettleRun for 1 hourRun for 1 hourMore than enough time for settlingMore than enough time for settlingLeft unchangedLeft unchangedDrainExperimental Methods: Experimental Methods: StatesStatesFill with WasteFill with WaterAerateSettleDrainDrainRun until 1.2 L remained in reactorRun until 1.2 L remained in reactorSND in SBRSND in SBRNitrification/Denitrification BasicsIntroduction to SNDExperimental MethodsExperimental MethodsStatesStatesTesting MethodsTesting MethodsResultsConclusionsSuggestions/Questions?Experimental Methods: Testing Experimental Methods: Testing MethodsMethodsMicro-Phenate MethodMicro-Phenate MethodDetermine ammonia concentration as Determine ammonia concentration as ammonia/nitrogenammonia/nitrogenStandards consist of:Standards consist of:Phenol SolutionPhenol SolutionSodium nitroprussideSodium nitroprussideAlkaline citrateAlkaline citrateSodium hypochloriteSodium hypochloriteOxidizing SolutionOxidizing SolutionStandards: 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg N-NHStandards: 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mg N-NH44/L /L Spectrophotometer analysis at 640 nmSpectrophotometer analysis at 640 nmNitrate-nitrogen standardsSamplingExperimental Methods: Experimental Methods: Testing MethodsTesting MethodsMicro-Phenate MethodNitrate-nitrogen standardsNitrate-nitrogen standardsCadmium gravimetric methodCadmium gravimetric methodHach Corporation: Nitriver ® and Nitraver Hach Corporation: Nitriver ® and Nitraver ® reagent packets® reagent packetsStandards: 0, 2, 6, 10 mg N-NOStandards: 0, 2, 6, 10 mg N-NO33/L/LSpectrophotometer analysis at 542nmSpectrophotometer analysis at 542nmSamplingExperimental Methods: Experimental Methods: Testing MethodsTesting MethodsMicro-Phenate MethodNitrate-nitrogen standardsSamplingSamplingEnd of aeration stateEnd of aeration stateFiltered through Millipore filter Filtered through Millipore filter