Health Information Technology (HIT) PHAR 562 University of Maryland SOP October 2, 2013 Jennifer Thomas, PharmDObjectives/Learning Outcomes Identify 5 information technology domains identified as informatic competencies for the entry level Doctor of Pharmacy graduates developed through the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) Pharmacoinformatics Working Group Define key medical/pharmacy informatic terms Name several terminologies and standards for health care informatics Idenitfy and have a basic understanding of a minimum of 5 pharmacy informatic applicationsIntroduction/BackgroundHealth Human Services ONC Dr. Farzad Mostashari, Head of HHS' Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kH8q_nIfEAEBuilding Core Competencies in Pharmacy Informatics Ed. Brent Fox, Margaret Thrower, Bill Felkey Am. Pharmacists Ass. 2010 Written by pharmacy clinicians with expertise in informatics. “Despite the extensive incorporation of computer applications in the pharmacy professions, pharmacy informatics has been the slowes of the major clinical informatics specialties to adopt an approach to formalized informatics training.” Forward p2. Terry L. SeatonInformatics Ref. Chapter 1, p.12. Fox BI. Building Core Competencies in Pharmacy Informatics; Informatics and the Medication Use Process  Medical informatics “the field of information science concerned with the analysis, use and dissemination of medical data and information through the application of computers to various aspects of health care and medicine.”  Use of computers to manage data and information.  Medical Informatics applied to specific disciplines or topics  Pharmacy informatics  Nursing informatics  Nutrition/Dietary informatics  Consumer Health informaticsHierarchy of Informatics http://www.preventivemedicine.northwestern.edu/divisions/hbmi/about.html Figure 1: Hierarchy of Informatics. This diagram shows the relationships between various sub-domains of Health and Biomedical Informatics. The domains are shown as blobs rather than as discrete boxes to emphasize the high degree of overlap among the domains. This hierarchy should be considered a snapshot in time rather than a definitive final solution.Pharmacy Informatics  Pharmacy informatics is the scientific field that focuses on medication-related data and knowledge within the continuum of healthcare systems - including its acquisition, storage, analysis, use and dissemination - in the delivery of optimal medication-related patient care and health outcomes. (HIMSS October 2006)  E-Prescribing (eRx)  Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)  Clinical Decision Support (CDS)Pharmacy Informatics – Health Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_61k5mU5mA Defining Pharmacy InformaticsTable 1-1 Core Informatics Terms and Their Definitions (Chapter 1 p15 Brent Fox, Building Core Competencies in Pharmacy Informatics) Information technology (IT) – Activities and tools used to locate, manipulate, store , and disseminate information. Information and communication technology – Term often used to indicate IT with a focus on communication and networking. Health information technology (HIT) – Use of information and communication technology in health care settings.Table 1-1 Core Informatics Terms and Their Definitions (Chapter 1 p15 Brent Fox, Building Core Competencies in Pharmacy Informatics) Health information management (HIM) – Discipline historically focusing on medical record management (paper environment); as medical records transition to digital. Imaging informatics – Broad term indicating the application of informatics to the management of images in health care. Research informatics – Broad term indicating the application of informatics to health and biomedical research.Table 1-1 Core Informatics Terms and Their Definitions (Chapter 1 p15 Brent Fox, Building Core Competencies in Pharmacy Informatics) Informatician (informaticist) – Practitioners of informatics; they focus more on information technology. Clinical informatician – Clinically trained individuals whose expertise is applied at the intersection of IT and health care; focus is on successful adoption and use of HIT.Health Professions Education A Bridge to Quality IOM, National Academies press 2003 Http://www.Nap.edu/openbook.php?Record_id=10681&page=r1 Chapter 6 – p.21 Recommendations for Reform - 5 core competencies “All health professionals should be educated to deliver 1patient-centered care as members of an 2interdisciplinary team, emphasizing 3evidence-based practice, 4quality improvement approaches, and 5informatics”PharmD Graduates to Demonstrate Expertise in Informatics http://www.acpe-accredit.or/standards/default.asp Standards and Guidelines for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy - Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education 2007, revised adopted 2011 Competencies in informatics include basic terminology (data, information, knowledge, hardware,software, networks, information systems, information systems management) reasons for systematic processing of data, information and knowledge in health care and the benefits and current constraints in using information and communication technology in heath care”Informatics Compentency Statements 1. Store, retrieve, and analyze health information 2. Optimize the medication prescribing/ ordering process 3. Aid in clinical decision making 4. Automate the medication delivery process 5. Facilitate pharmacy management1. Store, retrieve, and analyze health information A. Discuss the benefits/limitations of systematically processing data, information, and knowledge in health care. B. Discuss the impact of data quality on health outcomes. C. Describe the structure and key elements of an electronic health record. D. Describe measures used to ensure the privacy, security, and confidentiality of health information. E. Discuss legal and ethical issues pertaining to health information.1. Store, retrieve, and analyze health information cont. F. Discuss standards of interoperability related to medications, diagnoses, communication, and electronic data interchange. G. Discuss key issues affecting human-computer interactions. H. Differentiate between spreadsheets, databases, and user interfaces.2. Optimize the medication prescribing/ordering process A. Describe the structure