Physiographic Map of Virginia1999C. M. Bailey, College of William & Mary0 50 100miles0 50 100kilometersAPRVRVGVGVsBRnBRFFMMLOPOPCUCUCUCUCLCLCLCLCLBMBMBMAPAppalachian PlateauprovinceValley & RidgeprovinceBlue RidgeprovincePiedmontprovinceCoastal PlainprovinceAP- Rugged, well-dissectedlandscape with dendriticdrainage pattern. Elevation-1000'-3000' with High Knobrising to over 4000'.RV- Ridge & Valleysubprovince: long linearridges separated by linearvalleys with trellisdrainage pattern.Elevation- 1000'-4500'.GV- Great Valleysubprovince: broad valleywith low to moderate slopesunderlain by carbonaterocks. Elevation- 500'-1500'north of Roanoke, 1200'-2300'south of RoanokeM- Massanutten Mountain: Series of long linear ridgesthat rise to 3000' above theGreat ValleynBR- northern Blue Ridgesubprovince: rugged regionwith steep slopes narrowridges, broad mountains,and high relief. Elevation1500'-4200'.sBR- southern Blue Ridgesubprovince: broad uplandplateau with moderateslopes. Elevation 2400'- 3000'with higher peaks risingabove upland, including5729' Mt. Rogers.F- Foothills subprovince:region with broad rollinghills and moderate slopes.Elevation 400'-1000' withpeaks rising to 1500'-2500'.ML- Mesozoic lowlandssubprovince: region withmodest relief and lowslopes underlain byMesozoic sedimentary andigneous rocks. Elevation200'-400'.OP- Outer Piedmontsubprovince: broad uplandwith low to moderate slopes.Elevation 600'-1000' in westgradually diminishing to250'- 300' in east.CU- Upland subprovince:broad upland with low slopesand gentle drainage divides.Steep slopes develop wheredissected by stream erosion.Elevation- 60'-250'.CL- Lowland subprovince:flat, low-relief region alongmajor rivers and near theChesapeake Bay. Elevation-0-60'.BM- Barrier Islands & SaltMarshes: low, open areascovered with sediment andvegetation in direct proximityto the Chesapeake Bay andAtlantic Ocean. Elevation 0'-15'.•CharlottesvilleRichmond • • LynchburgWilliamsburg•• NorfolkEmporia • • Danville • Galax Bristol• Grundy• •Tazewell • FarmvilleBlacksburg •Roanoke•• Covington•StauntonHarrisonburg ••Winchester• AlexandriaManassas ••Fredericksburg •TappahannockSuffolk •Physiographic Map of Virginia1999C. M. Bailey, College of William & Mary0 50 100miles0 50 100kilometersAPRVRVGVGVsBRnBRFFMMLOPOPCUCUCUCUCLCLCLCLCLBMBMBMAPAppalachian PlateauprovinceValley & RidgeprovinceBlue RidgeprovincePiedmontprovinceCoastal PlainprovinceAP- Rugged, well-dissectedlandscape with dendriticdrainage pattern. Elevation-1000'-3000' with High Knobrising to over 4000'.RV- Ridge & Valleysubprovince: long linearridges separated by linearvalleys with trellisdrainage pattern.Elevation- 1000'-4500'.GV- Great Valleysubprovince: broad valleywith low to moderate slopesunderlain by carbonaterocks. Elevation- 500'-1500'north of Roanoke, 1200'-2300'south of RoanokeM- Massanutten Mountain: Series of long linear ridgesthat rise to 3000' above theGreat ValleynBR- northern Blue Ridgesubprovince: rugged regionwith steep slopes narrowridges, broad mountains,and high relief. Elevation1500'-4200'.sBR- southern Blue Ridgesubprovince: broad uplandplateau with moderateslopes. Elevation 2400'- 3000'with higher peaks risingabove upland, including5729' Mt. Rogers.F- Foothills subprovince:region with broad rollinghills and moderate slopes.Elevation 400'-1000' withpeaks rising to 1500'-2500'.ML- Mesozoic lowlandssubprovince: region withmodest relief and lowslopes underlain byMesozoic sedimentary andigneous rocks. Elevation200'-400'.OP- Outer Piedmontsubprovince: broad uplandwith low to moderate slopes.Elevation 600'-1000' in westgradually diminishing to250'- 300' in east.CU- Upland subprovince:broad upland with low slopesand gentle drainage divides.Steep slopes develop wheredissected by stream erosion.Elevation- 60'-250'.CL- Lowland subprovince:flat, low-relief region alongmajor rivers and near theChesapeake Bay. Elevation-0-60'.BM- Barrier Islands & SaltMarshes: low, open areascovered with sediment andvegetation in direct proximityto the Chesapeake Bay andAtlantic Ocean. Elevation 0'-15'.•CharlottesvilleRichmond • • LynchburgWilliamsburg•• NorfolkEmporia • • Danville • Galax Bristol• Grundy• •Tazewell • FarmvilleBlacksburg •Roanoke•• Covington•StauntonHarrisonburg ••Winchester• AlexandriaManassas ••Fredericksburg Suffolk ••Tappahannock•CenozoicPaleozoicProterozoicNeoproterozoic (550-750 Ma)Cambrian (500-550 Ma)Proterozoic-Paleozoic (550-750 Ma)Mesoproterozoic (980-1400 Ma)Silurian-Ordovican (410-500 Ma)Paleozoic (300-500 Ma)Paleozoic (300-500 Ma)MesozoicCretaceous (65-140 Ma)Triassic-Jurassic (200-225 Ma)Metasedimentary rocks, metarhyolite, & metabasaltGranite, granitic gneiss, charnockite, & layered gneissGneiss, schist, slate, phyllite, quartzite, & marbleGranite & other felsic igneous rocksGabbro & other mafic igneous rocksDolomite, limestone, shale, & sandstoneLimestone, dolomite, shale, & qtz sandstoneMississippian-Devonian (320-410 Ma)Pennsylvanian (290-320 Ma)Sandstone, shale with minor gypsum & coalSandstone, shale & coalPartly lithified sand, clay, and sandstoneRed & gray shale, sandstone, & conglomerate Intruded by diabase & basaltQuaternary(20 ka- 2 Ma)Tertiary (2-65 Ma)Sand, mud, & gravelHolocene(present- 20 ka)Sand, mud, & peat deposited in beaches, marshes, swamps, & estuaries Sand, mud, limy sand, & marl.C. M. Bailey, College of William & Mary0 50 100miles0 50 100kilometersSimplified Geologic Map of