PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Doney (2010)The Growing Human Footprint on Coastal and Open-Ocean BiogeochemistryScience 328, 1512Fig. 1 Schematic of human impacts on ocean biogeochemistry either directly via fluxes of material into the ocean (colored arrows) or indirectly via climate change and altered ocean circulation (black arrows).S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516Published by AAASWesterly winds above the ACC push coldFresh surface waters away to the north and draw up warmer, saltier water that is low in O2 and nutrients.The bands of westerly winds separate the warm air in the tropics from the cold air over thepoles. The thermal gradient drives the winds.Stratospheric ozone influences the temperature gradient Toggweiler and Russell (2008) Nature 451, 286hwww.youtube.comttp:///watch?v=H2mZyCblxS4Fig. 2 Time series of (top) atmospheric CO2 and surface ocean pCO2 and (bottom) surface ocean pH at the atmospheric Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) on the island of Hawai‘i and Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific north of Hawai‘i, 1988–2008.S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516Published by AAASFig. 3 Model estimated deposition fluxes of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (mol N m−2 year−1) to the ocean surface for oxidized forms (NOy), primarily from fossil fuel combustion sources, and reduced forms (NHx) primarily from agricultural sources.S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516Published by AAASKim et al (2011) Increasing N Abundance in the Northwestern Pacific Due to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition. Science 334, 505-509Changing Ocean Chemistry (and Biology)Fig. 4 Decadal change in subsurface O2 from 1994 to 2004 along 30°N in the North Pacific with positive values indicating an increase in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and a decline in O2 (μmol kg−1); contour plot is overlaid by mixed-layer depths (green line) and potential density surfaces (pink) (48).S C Doney Science 2010;328:1512-1516Published by AAASPb in the North Atlantic at Bermuda (coral and water data)From Kelly et al (2009) EPSL 283,
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