59 Cards in this Set
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LH in female
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expulsion of egg ovulation, formation of corpus ludium from old follice
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Estrogen
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responsible for secondary female sex charastics, growth of follice, growth of uteran lining
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FSH in females
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growth of follice, secretion of female hormones
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Days 1-5
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menstrual phase
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Days 5-15
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growth/proliferated phase
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Days 15-28
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ovulation
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Secretory phase
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implantation
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Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GRH)
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made by hypothalamus and causes release of FSH and LH from pituitary
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Puberty under estradiol
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growth of glandular tissue and fat increase, breasts enlarge a little bit once a month
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Graafian follice in ovary
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mature form, fluid filled cavity containing the egg (ovum)
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Inner part of vagina
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endometrium, surface is shed each month (menstration)
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Uterus
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hollow muscular organ lies between bladder and rectum
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Bartholins glands
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2in labia majora, have small duct that opens near labia minora, clear discharge is secreted during arousal, very prone to infection cysts and abcesses can form
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Puberty in males
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during adolescence the hypothalamus matures and creates puberty by releasing FSH and LH by GnRH male secondary sex characteristics appear
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Gonadtropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
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from the hypothalamus, stimulates the production of FSH and LH
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Corpus Ludium
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secretes estorgens and progestens (main- progesterone) secretory phase of uteran cycle plus grandular growth in breasts
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Girls around age of 11
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produce breast buds uterus enlarges, uteran bleeding occurs, lebido increases during ovulation
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if fertilization does occur
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then ball of cells is formed called blastocyst and omce down leading to implantation (5-7 days after sperm enters cell)
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Coitus
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results in orgasm from stimulation of hypothalamus and limbic system
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After ejaculation
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semen fluids and spem move up the cervix into uterus and out the fallopian tube at a rate of 3-6 ml/min
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Implantation
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takes place with blastocyst 1 week after fertilization 1 or 2hrs later, human chorionic gonadotropin is formed tells if youre pregnant
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ovulation takes place twice
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fraternal twins
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ultrasound
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sound waves into the body and a reording is made as its echoed (ectogram), each tissue returns a different echo which can be transplanted into pictures
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aminocentesis
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removal of fluid from amniotic sac at ~16 weeks and tells if there are any chromsomal abnormalities, age, sex of fetus
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oxytocin
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stimulates contraction of uterus also causes delivery of placenta
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prolactin
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causes production/secretion of milk from breasts
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yellow fluid- collostrum
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secreted during last part of pregnancy and the day after delievery contains antibodies to protect fetus
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miscarriage
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spontaneous may be threatened causes vaginal bleeding and cramps can be incomplete or complete passage of entire fetus
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fibrocystic disease
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breast cancer is higher, painful during menstation
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cervicitis
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turbid discharge usually infection
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ectopic pregnancy
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blastocyst is implanted at site other than uterus, ultrasound can detect this, primary treatment removal of fallopian tube
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endometriosis
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disease in young women endometrial tissue has been deposited on ovaries abnormal menstraution and paindul, primary treatment birth control pills
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prostate disorders
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mostly benign, present in older males, transurethral resection of prostate (turp) or could get prostate cancer, very slow growing and markers can help determine
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gonorrhea
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more resistant to antibiotic, urthrea infected producing discharge dangerous for females can get pelvic inflammatory disease
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ADH and oxytocin come from
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posterior pituitary
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removal of NH4 groups from acids
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deamination
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hypothalamus
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regulates pituitary
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kidney function
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filter wastes from the blood stream, filter all nutrients which are reabsorbed back into blood stream
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inner medullar of kidney
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filtrate from medulla is collected in calyces which form the renal pelvis
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afferent glomerular filtration
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going to cluster
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efferent glomerular filtration
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going back to vein
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sympathetic nerves of kidney
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causes vasoconstriction and release of rennin
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dital tubule of nephron
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feed into collection duct; more Na, Cl. and water (K and H are secreted in exchange for Na)
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receptors are stimulated when hormone comes in contact
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G proteins then stiumlate the adenyl cyclase and converts to cyclic AMP then creates inactive kinase to active kinase to activae enzyme
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first messenger
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hormone
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second messenger
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C-amp
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negative feedback mechanism of hormone control
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works on hypothalamus not pituitary, thyroid regulates the metabolism of all organs (all have receptos for thyroid) iodine is necessary for synthesis
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beta cells
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islets, secrete insulin in respone to high blood sugar, insulin permits sugar to enter cell
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alpha cells
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secrete hormone glucagon increase the blood glucose levels (for low sugar)
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type 1 diabetes
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insulin dependent found in children who need insulin
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type 2 diabetes
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found in older adults need oral medication treatment weight loss, simple test- blood glucose or urianalysis
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trichomonas
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caused by motile pear shaped protazoal parasite of urinary tract, use antibiotic
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vaginitis
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commone itchy vaginal discharge, irritation yeast, infetion use antifungal
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fibroids
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benign tumor of myometrium seen in late reproductive years prolonged menstral bleeding
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herpes
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DNA virus #2 in gential area painful on labia and penis diagnosis by culture and smear antiviral drug available
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chlamydia
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most common intracellular cause urtheritis, epididymis and PID treat antibiotics
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huge capillary network that covers the proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule
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exchange of nutriets takes place here
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hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus
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high 55mmHg
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tubule pressure is
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15mmHg (opposite direction of hydrostatic pressure)
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