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LH in female
expulsion of egg ovulation, formation of corpus ludium from old follice
Estrogen
responsible for secondary female sex charastics, growth of follice, growth of uteran lining
FSH in females
growth of follice, secretion of female hormones
Days 1-5
menstrual phase
Days 5-15
growth/proliferated phase
Days 15-28
ovulation
Secretory phase
implantation
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GRH)
made by hypothalamus and causes release of FSH and LH from pituitary
Puberty under estradiol
growth of glandular tissue and fat increase, breasts enlarge a little bit once a month
Graafian follice in ovary
mature form, fluid filled cavity containing the egg (ovum)
Inner part of vagina
endometrium, surface is shed each month (menstration)
Uterus
hollow muscular organ lies between bladder and rectum
Bartholins glands
2in labia majora, have small duct that opens near labia minora, clear discharge is secreted during arousal, very prone to infection cysts and abcesses can form
Puberty in males
during adolescence the hypothalamus matures and creates puberty by releasing FSH and LH by GnRH male secondary sex characteristics appear
Gonadtropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
from the hypothalamus, stimulates the production of FSH and LH
Corpus Ludium
secretes estorgens and progestens (main- progesterone) secretory phase of uteran cycle plus grandular growth in breasts
Girls around age of 11
produce breast buds uterus enlarges, uteran bleeding occurs, lebido increases during ovulation
if fertilization does occur
then ball of cells is formed called blastocyst and omce down leading to implantation (5-7 days after sperm enters cell)
Coitus
results in orgasm from stimulation of hypothalamus and limbic system
After ejaculation
semen fluids and spem move up the cervix into uterus and out the fallopian tube at a rate of 3-6 ml/min
Implantation
takes place with blastocyst 1 week after fertilization 1 or 2hrs later, human chorionic gonadotropin is formed tells if youre pregnant
ovulation takes place twice
fraternal twins
ultrasound
sound waves into the body and a reording is made as its echoed (ectogram), each tissue returns a different echo which can be transplanted into pictures
aminocentesis
removal of fluid from amniotic sac at ~16 weeks and tells if there are any chromsomal abnormalities, age, sex of fetus
oxytocin
stimulates contraction of uterus also causes delivery of placenta
prolactin
causes production/secretion of milk from breasts
yellow fluid- collostrum
secreted during last part of pregnancy and the day after delievery contains antibodies to protect fetus
miscarriage
spontaneous may be threatened causes vaginal bleeding and cramps can be incomplete or complete passage of entire fetus
fibrocystic disease
breast cancer is higher, painful during menstation
cervicitis
turbid discharge usually infection
ectopic pregnancy
blastocyst is implanted at site other than uterus, ultrasound can detect this, primary treatment removal of fallopian tube
endometriosis
disease in young women endometrial tissue has been deposited on ovaries abnormal menstraution and paindul, primary treatment birth control pills
prostate disorders
mostly benign, present in older males, transurethral resection of prostate (turp) or could get prostate cancer, very slow growing and markers can help determine
gonorrhea
more resistant to antibiotic, urthrea infected producing discharge dangerous for females can get pelvic inflammatory disease
ADH and oxytocin come from
posterior pituitary
removal of NH4 groups from acids
deamination
hypothalamus
regulates pituitary
kidney function
filter wastes from the blood stream, filter all nutrients which are reabsorbed back into blood stream
inner medullar of kidney
filtrate from medulla is collected in calyces which form the renal pelvis
afferent glomerular filtration
going to cluster
efferent glomerular filtration
going back to vein
sympathetic nerves of kidney
causes vasoconstriction and release of rennin
dital tubule of nephron
feed into collection duct; more Na, Cl. and water (K and H are secreted in exchange for Na)
receptors are stimulated when hormone comes in contact
G proteins then stiumlate the adenyl cyclase and converts to cyclic AMP then creates inactive kinase to active kinase to activae enzyme
first messenger
hormone
second messenger
C-amp
negative feedback mechanism of hormone control
works on hypothalamus not pituitary, thyroid regulates the metabolism of all organs (all have receptos for thyroid) iodine is necessary for synthesis
beta cells
islets, secrete insulin in respone to high blood sugar, insulin permits sugar to enter cell
alpha cells
secrete hormone glucagon increase the blood glucose levels (for low sugar)
type 1 diabetes
insulin dependent found in children who need insulin
type 2 diabetes
found in older adults need oral medication treatment weight loss, simple test- blood glucose or urianalysis
trichomonas
caused by motile pear shaped protazoal parasite of urinary tract, use antibiotic
vaginitis
commone itchy vaginal discharge, irritation yeast, infetion use antifungal
fibroids
benign tumor of myometrium seen in late reproductive years prolonged menstral bleeding
herpes
DNA virus #2 in gential area painful on labia and penis diagnosis by culture and smear antiviral drug available
chlamydia
most common intracellular cause urtheritis, epididymis and PID treat antibiotics
huge capillary network that covers the proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule
exchange of nutriets takes place here
hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus
high 55mmHg
tubule pressure is
15mmHg (opposite direction of hydrostatic pressure)

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