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ANTHRO 103: Final
Homo Ergaster: features |
marked postorbital constriction
Sloping forehead
no Chin |
Homo erectus: Derived |
shorter face- less prognathism
taller skull
smaller jaw/molars
robrust brow ridges
horizontal occiptial torus
|
acheulean hand axes |
"stone age swiss army knife"
1.5mya - 200kya
africa w. europe, middle East |
issue with H. ergaster |
two coexisting species: H. ergaster & H. erectus |
Dmansi |
complete cranium (skull 5)
brain size 550cc
large face small brain case
single H. erectus species |
Homo erectus |
1.5 mya - 40kya maybe to 30kya
sloping forehead
no chin |
homo erectus derived features |
elliptical craniium
sagittal keel
pronounced supra orbital ridges
reduced cheek teeth |
pleistocene epoch |
fluctuate between glacial and interglacial periods
2.6 mya - 12kya |
H. antecessor |
1.2 mya-800kya
oldest hominin in europe
thought to be ancestor of neanderthals |
H. antecessor : morphology |
1000cc
~5'5" height & 200lbs robust
double arched brow rdiges & occipital bun (neaderthal like)
primitive teeth like H. erectus
|
homo heidlebergenis |
900,000 - 130,000 yrs ago
africa europe and asia |
H. heidlebergenis: morphology |
large brain 1200-1300cc
high vaulted skull & higher foreheads
retained thick brow ridges & cranium no chin
prognathic face |
Homo neanderthalensis |
Eurasia 127 - 40kya
possibly emerged as early as 350kya |
homo neanderthalensis: cranial morphology |
1560cc
low/receeding forehead
double arched supra orbital ridges
large nasal aperture
midfacial projection
further reduction of cheek teeth
retromolar gap
|
Homo neaderthalensis: morphology |
large/broad chest
short limbs (compared to trunk)
large sites of muscle attachment
equal ap/ml widths
broad apical tufts
distal phalanges shorter
proximal phalanges longer
|
shanidar man |
blow to left temple
right side paralysis
atrophied humerus
(proof of care of the infirmed & dead) |
Homo Sapiens |
200kya - present
|
homo sapien
Cranial morphology |
average 1350 cc
high cranial vault
vertical forehead
reduced supraorbital ridges
mandibular proturberance ( chin)
fasce completely under the skull
|
fHomo sapiens: post-cranial morphology |
decreased robusticity
long limbs relative to the trunk |
human origin theories |
multi regionalism & african origins |
Multi regional |
follwing dispersal of homo erectus from africa to Eurasia, individual populations continued to evolved
with adequate gene flow, homo sapiens emerged from original H. erectus populations
|
out of africa hypothesis |
moves to eurasia
out competes the achaic populations
y chromosome
fossils
support mt DNA
|
Homo florensis: cranial features |
417-380cc
human like dentition
receeding forehead
no chin
thick browridges |
homo floresiensis |
bipedal
1 meter tall 55 lbs
retains primitive carpal features
hindlimb and feet also retain primitive features altered gait
thick robust hind limbs are short in comparison to body
long feet with curved pedal phala |