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KIN 3305: FINAL EXAM
Your brain is not fully developed until you reach your |
early twenties
|
An approach to psychological research that, instead of studying mental illness, studies such things as happiness, character strengths, and healthy emotions is called |
positive psychology
|
Research on positive psychology has led scientists to identity six virtues that "enable human thriving" One of these is |
temperance
|
Which of the following is most strongly associated with mental health? |
optimism |
Recent findings show that the human brain continues to grow and change throughout adolescence. One major implication of these findings may help to explain why adolescents |
tend to engage in "immature" behavior
|
This type of intelligence involves sensitivity, empathy for others, self-discipline, and social competence |
emotional
|
Mentally healthy people tend to have |
high self-esteem
|
A sense of self-efficacy means that you believe you are |
in control of your circumstances
|
A person suffering from depression commonly experiences |
appetite changes
|
Jorge seems to function normally, but his attitude is usually pessimistic, he often doesn't sleep well, and his grades in school are far lower than they could be. With which of the following conditions is Jorge most likely to be diagnosed? |
dsythymic disorder
|
Jenna sometimes "shops till she drops," meaning she shops on an exhilarating high until she crashes into a major depression episode. Jenna's behavior is most common in which disorder? |
bipolar
|
Which of the following is one of the most important ingredients in a mentally healthy life? |
social support
|
Geoff showers four or five times during the course of a day and washes his hands almost every time he touches something. Geoff's behavior most closely resembles symptoms of |
obsessive-compulsive disorder
|
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is TRUE |
Brain scanning technologies reveal abnormalities in the brains of people with schizophrenia
|
Scott, age 24, has withdrawn from most social contact and stopped dressing appropriately. When one speaks with him, his conversation tends to make no sense. Of the following options, Scott is most likely to be diagnosed with |
schizophrenia
|
According to the National College Health Assessment, _____ percent of college students have considered suicide |
10%
|
Nationwide, about _____ percent of high school students attempted suicide in the past year. |
8%
|
Which of the following is a warning sign or event that often precedes a suicide attempt? |
social isolation
|
When a person with a physiological dependence on a substance needs higher and higher doses to achieve a high, that person is experiencing |
tolerance
|
The basic premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is that people will pursue their highest potential when |
more basic needs are met
|
In the hierarchy of needs pyramid, the order of human professes as follows: |
physiological needs, safety and security, love and belongingness, self-esteem, self-actualization
|
The highest level of Maslow's needs hierarchy is characterized by |
a state of transcendence and well-being
|
Which part of the brain activates the stress response? |
cerebral cortex
|
The stress response is a series of _____ that occurs in the face of a threat |
physiological changes
|
Which system controls our involuntary, unconscious actions? |
autonomic nervous system
|
What bodily changes are associated with the sympathetic nervous system's response during stress? |
metabolism increases
|
Selye proposed the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model to explain |
how organisms respond physiologically to stressors
|
The _____ stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by a reduction in immune system functioning that will be temporary if the stress is over quickly |
alarm
|
Immunity is suppressed in which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome? |
alarm
|
Long-term exposure to stress can damage the cardiovascular system by causing |
chronic high blood pressure
|
Iraq war veteran Mallory was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder based on the face that her symptoms were |
not apparent until a year after she returned home
|
Which of the following is the LEAST sever of the stress-related disorders? |
adjustment disorder
|
An achievement orientation is associated with which personality type? |
Type A
|
Which of the following personality types describes people who are impulsive, need to get things done quickly, and live their lives on a time schedule? |
Type A
|
Among Type A individuals, the trait that appears most harmful to health is |
hostility
|
Kristi's friends all describe her as cool and unaffected. Kristi most likely has which type of personality type? |
Type B
|
The stress disorder once called "shell shock," which was identified in soldiers returning from war, is known as |
post-traumatic stress disorder
|
All of the following are positive strategies for coping with post-traumatic stress disorder, EXCEPT |
remaining silent about the traumatic event
|
_____ is a style of coping with stress that features a positive outlook, a sense of commitment, and a sense of control |
hardiness
|
Holmes and Rahe created the Social Readjustment Scale to measure a person's |
risk of developing stress-related illnesses
|
When under stress, college students who smoke tend to |
smoke more
|
Research findings about the eating habits of college students at times of high stress indicate that |
they often change eating patterns to "manage" the stress
|
The concept central to ____ is to calm the mind, cleanse the body, and raise awareness through activities involving posture, breathing, and body and mind awareness |
yoga
|
_____ is(are) positive thoughts that one can write down or say to oneself to balance negative thoughts |
Affirmations
|
The gathering of information about your heart rate, breathing, and skin temperature in order to recognize stress response symptoms is called |
biofeedback
|
The concept central to _____ is to promote the flow of life energy throughout the body |
t'ai chi
|
Your brain is not fully developed until you reach your early twenties |
True
|
The brain is fully developed by the time a child reaches puberty |
False
|
IQ is one of the best predictors of success in life |
False
|
Mentally healthy individuals try to control irrational thoughts and levels of stress |
True
|
Social support can help protect you against illness |
True
|
Pessimists view failure as temporary and limited |
False
|
Taking risks is a part of being mentally healthy |
True
|
In the United States today, it is unusual for people to live with mental disorders that go undiagnosed |
False
|
Approximately 10 percent of depressed individuals seek help |
False
|
Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by behaviors such as repetitive hand-washing |
False
|
The symptoms of schizophrenia most commonly manifest themselves in childhood |
False
|
Women usually develop schizophrenic symptoms earlier than men do |
False
|
People addicted to sex, the Internet, or shopping can experience euphoria similar to that which others experience from drug use |
True
|
When a person stops using drugs, the uncomfortable symptoms that result are called tolerance |
False
|
Research has established that drugs cause addictions by operations on the "pleasure pathway" in the brain |
True
|
Nationwide, almost 18 percent of high school students attempted suicide in the past year |
False
|
In the United States, firearms are used in 55-60 percent of all suicides |
True
|
Female use of firearms to commit suicide has decreased in recent years |
False
|
As many as 90 percent of those who commit suicide have a mental disorder |
True
|
Studies indicate that antidepressants can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in young adults |
True
|
The most frequently prescribed drugs in the United States are painkillers |
False
|
Individuals who self-injure rarely have a history of physical abuse or substance use, thus making it difficult for scientists to identify the cause of self-inflicted harm |
False
|
Men experience more stress than women do |
False
|
Only mammals need sudden bursts of energy to fight or flee from situations perceived as dangerous |
False
|
Immunity breaks down in the resistance stage of the General Adaption Syndrome |
False
|
It is not the stressor itself that creates health problems, but the body's natural responses to it |
True
|
Letting off steam, or venting, is a positive way to reduce the negative health effects of the stress response |
False
|
One way to fight illness is to induce the relaxation response during moments of stress |
True
|
Ulcers are more of a psychological problem than a biological problem |
False
|
Hostility is related to coronary heart disease and premature death |
True
|
Major life events are more strongly related to illness and disease than are daily hassles |
False
|
Occupational pressures are the leading stressor for American adults |
True
|
Women are nearly twice as likely as men to feel frequently overwhelmed in their first year of college |
True
|
Seventy-five percent of Americans report that their financial situation is a cause of stress |
True
|
At some major universities, 40 percent of all undergraduates visit the counseling center |
True |
The psychological, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual aspects of our lives are known as our _____ health |
mental
|
Goleman's term for a person who has social competence, self-control, empathy, and motivation is _____ intelligence |
emotional
|
The ability to bounce back from a negative event is called _____ |
resilience
|
The explanatory style that tends to view problems as temporary and specific is the _____ style |
optimistic
|
If you believe you have some control over a situation, called _____, you are much more likely to be successful |
self-efficacy
|
Depressive and bipolar disorder are classified as _____ disorders |
mood
|
Major depressive disorder is characterized by experiencing one or more episodes of depression lasting at least _____ |
two weeks
|
The occurrence of manic episodes that alternate with depressive episodes is called _____ disorder |
bipolar
|
bipolar
|
panic attack
|
_____ is anxiety about being in situations where escape may be difficult or help might not be available in case of a panic attack |
agoraphobia
|
A(n) _____ is a fear of an activity, situation, or object |
phobia
|
The most significant features of ____ are intrusive persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause intense anxiety or distress |
obsessive-compulsive disorder
|
The sever mental disorder with symptoms of emotional instability and detachment from reality is called _____ |
schizophrenia
|
A(n) _____ is an agent that elicits a stress reaction |
stressor
|
Positive stress is also called _____ |
eustress
|
The _____, or stress response, prepares us with a burst of energy to deal with threats or danger |
fight-or-flight response
|
Hans Selye's model for the physiological changes associated with the stress response is called that _____ |
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
|
Stress may be defined as any challenge to the body's systems being in balance, a condition called _____ |
homeostasis
|
During the fight-or-flight response, the _____ system is responsible for initiation a series of changes in the body, such a increasing heart rate |
sympathetic nervous
|
The _____ glands release the hormones cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine into the bloodstream |
adrenal
|
Another name for adrenaline is _____ |
epinephrine
|
Avoidance of tasks, sleep problems, fidgeting, drinking, eating, and smoking are all _____ symptoms of stress |
behavioral
|
People who tend to be impulsive, who need to get things done quickly, and who are sometimes considered hostile, competitive, or impatient are Type ______ individuals |
a |
_____ is defined as an ongoing accumulation of anger and irritation |
hostility
|
A visualization technique for stress reduction that uses relaxing images to bring about a relaxation response is called _____ |
guided imagery
|
_____ is an ancient Hindu practice that includes physical, mental, social, and spiritual componenets |
yoga
|
Front of the brain responsible for planning, organizing, rational thinkings, and mood modulation |
frontal cortex
|
Rear part of the brain with functions to conrrol and coordinate muscular activity and maintain balance |
cerebellum
|
Part of the brain associated with emotional responses and instinctual reactions |
amygdala
|
Disturbed sleep pattern |
hypersomnia
|
Disconnection from reality |
psychotic disorder
|
psychotic disorder
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
A fear of a specific object, activity, or situation |
phobia
|
Selye's classic model used to describe the physiological changes associated with stress |
General Adaptation Syndrome
|
Exhaustion of strength or motivation at work, usually due to prolong stress |
burnout
|
A series of biochemical physiological changes that prepare individuals with a burst of energy to deal with threats or danger |
fight-or-flight response
|
Positive things we must adapt to; "good stress" |
eustress
|
The body's systems being in balance |
homeostasis
|
Positive thoughts that one can write down or say to oneself to balance negative thoughts |
affirmations
|
Ancient Hindu practice rooted in physical, mental, and spiritual components |
yoga
|
Mental creation of visual images and scenes |
visualization
|
Stress reduction technique based on the premise that deliberate muscle relaxation will block muscle tension associated with the stress response |
progressive relaxation
|
Ancient form of Chinese martial arts |
t'ai chi
|