CLAS 160B1: EXAM 1
69 Cards in this Set
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Achilles
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Achilles was a Greek hero of the Trojan War and the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad
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Agamemnon
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Greek king in the Trojan War and a character in Homer's Iliad
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Archilochus
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Lyric poet who wrote about sexually explicit, scatological poems
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Aristotle
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Brought up in Macedon; Studied at Plato's school in Athens for 20 years; Established his own school in Athens (Lyceum); Wrote The Constitution of Athenians
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Basileus
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"King;" Term and title that signified various types of monarchs in history
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Cleisthenes
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Reformed the constitution of Ancient Athens
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Croesus
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King of Ionia until his defeat by the Persians; when they got too close he attacked them
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Darius
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King of the Persian Empire; Invaded Greece; thought of himself as a conqueror
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Dipylon Painter
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The person who made the krater a figurative piece of artwork
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Draco
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The creator of "Draco's Laws" (Known for their harshness and maintained inequalities)
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Heinrich Schliemann
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Pathological liar that discovers Troy as well as various other ancient Greek places
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Helots
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People who served the Spartans (from Messenia- a place they conquered)
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Herodotus
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Wrote The Histories, the first history ever written; unbiased
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Hesiod
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Wrote epics, Theogony, Works and Days, and Shield of Herakles
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Hippias
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a chronographer (tried to compile a count of years to aid dating); A sophist who taught rhetoric and ethics
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Homer
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wrote epic poems The Odyssey and The Iliad; No one really knows who he is or if he existed
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Kypselids
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ruled Corinth until ca 587 B.C.
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Lycurgus
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wrote laws for Sparta
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Michael Ventris
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the man who deciphered Linear B
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Milman Parry
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a guy who studied Homer
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Miltiades
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Athenian commander; known mostly for his role in the Battle of Marathon; Gave the marathon its name
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Minos
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The king from Theseus and the Minotaur
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Odysseus
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The star from Homer’s The Odyssey, who travels around for 10 years after the Trojan War before finally returning home to Ithaka
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Peisistratus
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Tyrant of Athens; Athens prospered under his rule; Took land and wealth away from the rich and gave to the poor
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Sappho
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Poet who wrote about erotic love between woman
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Messenians
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people who’s village was conquered by Sparta leaving them as slaves
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Presocratics
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people who studied philosophy before Socrates
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Pythagoras
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the man who helped with the advances in math
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Sea Peoples
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people who supposedly came from the sea and began to spread out and take over
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Snake Goddess
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woman holding snakes in both hands; pops up in the Minoan Culture (as well as others); appears to be the goddess of households
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Solon
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Instituted reforms at Athens; balanced constitution
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Sophists
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Traveling teachers who claimed to have knowledge and could teach it to people for money
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Thermistokles
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Athenian general who pushes for the “wooden wall” to mean ships and that the Greeks must engage in a naval battle with the Persians
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Tyrtaeus
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Wrote poems about poetry
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Xenophon
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known for writing about the history of his own times
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Xerxes
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Succeeded father in the Persian Empire; led to the defeat of Persia to Greece
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Karphi
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A city way up in the hills of Crete that during the Dark Ages still flourished
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Boule (Council)
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council of 500 men; planned the business of the assemblies
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Constitution of the Athenians
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Written by Aristotle; Basically talks about the rules of Athenian life
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Cups of Nestor
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3 Lines that are read from left to right in epic poetry
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Cyclopean Invasion
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Gigantic defensive walls
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Dactyllic Hexameter
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the meter epic poems are written in
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Demokratia
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Democracy
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Ekklesia (Assembly)
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the main voting assembly at Athens
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Epic Poetry
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a really long poem written in Dactyllic hexameter with a subject matter that is not trivial
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Dorian Invasion
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The theory that the sea people came from the sea and spread out taking over the land
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The Histories
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Written by Herodotus (his only know works)
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Iliad
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Epic poem written by Homer about year 10 of the Trojan War where Agamemnon and Achilles fight over a girl
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Linear A
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Minoan writing system with 87 characters primarily used for keeping records and had not been deciphered
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Linear B
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Mycenaean writing system used to keep records and has been deciphered by Michael Ventris
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Lyceum
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the school Aristotle established in Athens
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Lyric Poetry
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usually accompanied my music; 3 major modes (Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian); Performed solo or with a choral
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Mask of Agamemnon
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artifact discovered at Mycenae in 1876 by Heinrich Schliemann
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Odyssey
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Epic poem written by Homer about Odysseus’s journey home after the Trojan War
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Phaistos Disc
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found in the basement of a temple and not sure what it is for; disk with Linear A writing on it
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Polis
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city-state
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Politeia of the Spartans
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written by Xenophon; constitution for Sparta
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Protogeometric Pottery
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Popular in Greece; Features geometric designs; Influence from eastern civilizations
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Samian Heraion
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Temple to Hera on Samos
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Theogony
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Origins of gods and myths
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The Wooden Wall
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A message from Apollo telling the Greeks to use naval means to defeat the Persian Empire
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Works and Days
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Epic poem written by Hesiod
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Minoans vs. Mycenaeans: Compare and contrast the two in ca 5 different ways
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Mycenaeans had a more war-like society, while the Minoans favored more peaceful ways.
Minoans wrote in Linear A (not been deciphered), while the Mycenaeans wrote in Linear B (has been deciphered).
Art in Mycenaeans culture tended to depict war scenes, and in the Minoan culture natur…
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Greek Bronze Age: How did the Bronze Age come to an end? What are some of the theories?
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The Greek Bronze Age has been proposed to have ended with “The Dorian Invasion,” where a subset of Greeks, called the sea people’s, moved from the sea to the land taking over the space. However this theory is full of holes and it starting to not be as widely accepted. Now it is assumed th…
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The Greek Dark Ages: Why do we call these “dark?” Are there examples of “light?”
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During the “Dark” Ages monumental structures were not built, people didn’t live in the same place for extended periods of time, and figurative art disappeared. However in a few places (Cyprus, Karphi, Athens, and Lefkandi) figurative art as well as some monumental architecture appeared in…
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World of Homer: Characteristics? How does it compare with the World of Hesiod?
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Homer’s world: Homer’s poems took place in a Bronze Age Aegean society, but his poems described a “lost world” that could have been created from artifacts he found in the ground. He describes a world of kings, which was not how the Greek society was set up at this point in time. In his po…
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Greece in 7th Century B.C.: Where are there important political changes? Describe them.
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Greek’s start to connect more with the outside world resulting in trading to become more popular and the economy of the different Greek city-states to boom.
Draco’s laws appeared
Warfare begins to transition in Greek city-states. How soldiers trained and fought changed and hoplite’…
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Greek poetry: What was epic? Lyric? Who were some of the major poets of each genre?
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Epic: really, really long poems; written in Dactylic Hexameter; Subject matter is not trivial
Lyric: Usually performed with music; either as a soloists or in a group (choral); Written in Elegiac Couplets or Iambic Trimeter; 3 basic modes (Dorian, Phrygian, and Lydian
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Greek Philosophy: Trace its development from the beginning to the Sophists.
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Traveling teachers who claimed to have knowledge and could teach it to people for money. The Greek word sophist literally means “wise man.” Some of these guys were just out for people’s money, but some were good.
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CLAS 160B1: 160B1 Final