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CH 101
ionic compounds are better known as
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salts
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different forms an element can occur in
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allatropes
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2 types of chemical bonds
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ionic
covalent
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ionic bonds
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transfer e-
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covalent bonds
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share e-
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metal -> nonmetal RXN
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ionic |
nonmetal-> nonmetal RXN
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covalent |
empirical formula shows
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kinds of elements
|
empirical formula shows
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kinds of elements
ration of atoms
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empirical formula doesn't show
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# atoms
order atoms
shape atoms
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molecular formula shows
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kinds of elements
3 of atoms
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molecular formula doesn't show
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order atoms
shape atoms
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structural formula shows
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kinds of elements
# atoms
order atoms
kind of attachment
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structural formula doesn't show
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3D shape
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H2O2
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hydrogen peroxide
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C6H6
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benzene |
C6H12O6
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glucose |
C2H2
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acetylene |
NH3
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ammonia |
elements whose particles are single atoms
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atomic elements
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elements whose particles are multi-atom molecules
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molecular elements
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compounds whose particles are molecules made of only nonmetals
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molecular compounds
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compound whose particles are cations & anions
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ionic compounds
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elements that occur in pairs
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F2
H2
Cl2
N2
Br2
O2
I2
P4
S8
Se8
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metals are what type of ion
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cations
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nonmetals are what type of ion
|
anion |
C2H3O2
|
Acetate
polyatomic ion
|
CO32-
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carbonate
polyatomic ion
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HCO3-
|
hydrogen carbonate
polyatomic ion
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OH-
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hydroxide
polyatomic ion
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NO3-
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nitrate
polyatomic ion
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NO2-
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nitrite
polyatomic ion
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CrO42-
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chromate
polyatomic ion
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Cr2O72-
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dichromate
polyatomic ion
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NH4+
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ammonium
polyatomic ion
|
ClO-
|
hypochlorite
polyatomic ion
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ClO2-
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chlorite
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ClO4 -
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perchlorate |
SO42-
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sulfate
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SO32-
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sulfite
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HSO4-
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hydrogen sulfate
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HSO3-
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hydrogen sulfite
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taste of acids
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sour |
acids dissolve which metals
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Zn
Fe
Mg
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2 types of acids
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binary
oxyacids
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molecular formula
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molar mass/ molar mass of empirical formula
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what info does a chemical equation give about a reaction?
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formulas of reactants and products
states
relative # of molecules
weights can be determined
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whenever something burns it combines with
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O2 (g)
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hv
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light |
shock
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mechanical
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elec
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elec
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ethene
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Alkene H2C=CH2
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ethyne
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acetylene
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CH3COOH
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acetic acid
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C3H8
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propane
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C4H10
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isobutane
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C6H12
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cyclehexane
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alkanes
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single bonds
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alkenes
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double bonds
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alkynes
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triple bonds
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aromatic
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contain a benzene ring
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CH4
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methane
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C3H8
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propane |
C4H10
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Butane |
C5H12
|
pentane
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C2H4
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ethene
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C2H2
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ethyne
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what determines chemical reactions?
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functional group
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functional groups
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alcohols
ethers
aldehyde
ketones
carboxylic acids
esters
amines
|
alcohols
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-OH
|
ethers
|
-OR'
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aldehyde
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COH |
ketones
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COR'
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carboxylic acid
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COOH |
esters
|
COOR'
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amines
|
RNH2
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percent yeild
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actual yield/ theoretical yield
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molarity, M
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= moles solute/ liters solute
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ionic compounds are
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electrolytes
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molecular compounds excluding acids are
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nonelectrolytes
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degree of solubility depends on
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temperature
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strong acids
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HClO4
HNO3
H2SO4
HCl
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weak acids
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HC2H3O2
HF
H2CO3
HClO
H3BO3
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strong bases
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NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
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Weak Bases
|
NaHCO3
Mg(OH)2
NH4OH
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insoluble in water
|
OH- & S2-
CO32- & PO43-
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