77 Cards in this Set
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What are the 6 major minerals?
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· Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesiumà bone formation
· Sodium, Potassium, Chlorideà electrolytes
· Trace mineralsà need less, but not less important
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How many calories are in minerals?
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zero
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What is sea salt?
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· Iodine leaves the saltà lack of iodine could cause goiters
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How much Calcium is in Tums?
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200mg
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What are the effects of High Blood Pressure?
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· Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney damage, loss of vision
· Salt intake plays a small role in causing HBP
· Potassium and Calcium may help lower BP
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What nutrients should increase during pregnancy?
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· Calories
· Vitamin D
· Folate
· Iron
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Can a child make up the nutrients missed from skipping breakfast?
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· Noà causes lack of concentration
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Why are adolescents not well fed?
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· Skip breakfast
· Bad snacks
· Afraid of being fat
· No milk
· Fad diets
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What is the first solid food you should give your baby after breastfeeding?
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rice cereal
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What is good advice for girls with disordered eating?
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· Need a team of health professionals: psychiatrist, dietician, and physician
· Increasing caloric intake slowly
· Balanced diet
· Vitamin/mineral supplement
· Small frequent meals
· Reduce caffeine
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Why should you avoid alcohol during pregnancy?
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· Increases the risk of brain damage and retardation
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What is the biggest advantage of breastfeeding?
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· Mother’s uterus shrinks faster
· Nutritionally superior to any alternative
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Should children clean their plates?
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· They should eat until they feel full
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Hot should you encourage a child to try new food?
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· Allow them to eat as much as they want, then take it away—they will come back when they are hungry
· Don’t bribe
· Be positive
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What is the problem with older adults taking baby aspirin?
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· It causes bleeding—leads to iron deficiency
· BMR goes down with ageà less food, more exercise
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What are the functions of water?
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· Solvent
· Lubricates
· Chemical
· Regulates temperature
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What are Complex Carbs?
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· Bread, pasta, cereal, fruits, veggies
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Thirst is used as a guide for everyone but whom?
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· Athletes
· Babies
· People who are sick
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What percentage of body is water?
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What percentage of body is water?
50-75%
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What are causes of hyperactivity in children?
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· Genetics
· Poor management of the child
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What is the nutrient herbal prep that will cure cancer?
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None
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What is the best advice to cure cancer?
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· Eat a variety of foodsà this way you get all the nutrients and hopefully prevent harmful ones
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What is the RDA for Calcium for people ages 51+?
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· 1200 mg
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How many mg of calcium are in a glass of milk?
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· 300 mg
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What are common food allergies?
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· Nuts, eggs, milk, soy
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What does Cortisal do?
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· Fat on stomach
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What happens during the critical period of pregnancy?
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· Events that occur during this time occur only at this time.
· Events will have irreversible effects for future developments
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How is Colostram helpful to the baby?
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· Immune factorsà anti-infection
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What is WIC?
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· Women, Infants, Children
· Financial help
· Nutritional information
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Define “major” as in major minerals
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· Needed at a diet at levels of 100 mg/day or more
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When is peak bone mass achieved?
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· 25-30?
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Identify 4 reasons women are more susceptible to osteoporosis than men.
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· Life expectancy
· More bones in a male
· Breast feeding
· Boys drink more milk
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List 2 substances that decrease the absorption of iron and 2 that increase the absorption.
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Decrease absorption
Tea, coffee, egg yolk, antacids, fiber, cereals, chocolate,
Increase absorption
Vitamin c and meat
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Do adult males or females have higher RDA for iron?
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females
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Can cooking utensils affect iron intake?
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Yes, if you use iron utensils
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Describe iron deficiency disease and iron toxicity.
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Iron deficiency disease- anemia, most prevalent deficiency disease, in adults fatigue sore tongue nail problems, slow mental growth and behavioral problems in kids
Iron toxicity- supplements, hemochromatosis- iron goes into tissues
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List foods high in each electrolyte and foods low in each electrolyte.
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Sodium- salt, soy, soup, quarter pounder with cheese, pickles, ham, soy dogs, chips, processed foods
Potassium- potatoes, beans, orange juice, banana, milk
Chloride- salt, soy sauce, processed foods
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Discuss factors that will help lower high blood pressure.
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Diets high in potassium and calcium, low fat diets, exercise, diuretic and prescription medication
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Discuss toxic effects of too much potassium
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Cardiac arrest from supplements
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What would you want to absorb more iron from your diet?
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Orange juice
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Discuss Stress
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Patients with burns, cuts, accidents, high fever, advanced cancer
ACTH hormone
Exercise when you feel stressed
Men eat less during stress and women eat more
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What are the results of High blood pressure?
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Strokes, heart attack, kidney damage, loss of vision
Salt plays small role
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How well absorbed is Calcium?
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Not well absorbed…under 30%
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What helps absorb iron?
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Vit. C
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What is a major function of zinc?
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· Needed for many enzyme systems to work
· Needed for sexual maturation and growth
· Needed for wound healing
· Needed for protein metabolism and immune system
· Protein
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How much iron is absorbed by normal adults?
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· 5-10% à very poorly absorbed
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What is the best source of Potassium?
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· Potatoes
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What are the best food sources of iron?
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· Liver, oysters, shellfish, meat, cereals, grains
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What is a major function of Chromium?
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· Maintaining normal glucose metabolism
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What are food sources of phosphorus?
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· Protein-rich foods and cereals and grains with additives
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What are food sources of sodium?
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· Table salt
· Soy sauce
· Quarter pounder with cheese
· Dill pickles
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Name 4 functions of calcium.
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· Extra skeletal calcium is needed in blood to respond to stimuli, muscle contraction, blood clotting, membrane permeability, normal rhythm of heart
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Name 3 food sources of calcium
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· Dairy products, leafy greens, soft bones of fish
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Name 3 functions of phosphorous
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· Most functions, forms bones and teeth, absorption of gluce, transport fatty acics, energy metabolism, dna
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How well absorbed is phosphorus?
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· Very well
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Name 2 functions of magnesium
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Bones and muscle, nerve impulses
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Write the major function of iron in the body and 2 other functions.
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Hemoglobin in red blood cells, myoglobin in muscles, transportation on oxygen, oxidation
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How much iron is absorbed by the average adult?
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· Only 5-10% in normal males
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Have any herbal products been shown to prevent cancer?
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no
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Does sugar cause hyperactivity?
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No. Caffeine does.
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List a function and a food source of zinc, magnesium and iodine.
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Zinc
Function- enzyme systems, sexual maturation, growth, wound healing, protein metabolism, immune system
Food source- beef, oysters, liver, eggs
Magnesium
Function- Bones and muscle, nerve impulses
Food Source
Iodine
Function- thyroid hormones, overall metabolism
Food Source- fi…
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Name a function each of copper, fluoride and chromium.
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Copper- formation of hemoglobin, needed for absorption of iron
Fluoride- bones and teeth
· Chromium- maintaining normal glucose metabolism
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Calcium
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Background- 99% in bone, 1 % in blood stream
Functions- Response to stimuli, Muscle contraction, Blood clotting, Membrane permeability, Heart beat
Absorption- Adults -25%
Increase- vitamin d, acid in stomach, lactose, growth, high phosphorus
Milk has 300 mg of calcium
Sources: dairy …
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Phosphorus
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Background: Well absorbed
Function: More functions than other mineral, Absorption of glucose, Transport fatty acids
Dietary sources: All foods, Milk, milk products, liver and animal food sources
Deficiency: Does not occur
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Magnesium
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Functions: Bone and muscle, activator of enzymes
Deficiency: Not seen
Sources: All unprocessed foods, nuts, legumes, green vegetables
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Iron
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Functions: Production of hemoglobin, transport of oxygen
Absorption: 5-10%, Vitamins C absorption, Absorption decreased by tea, coffee, egg yolk fiber chocolate
Food sources: liver, oysters, raisins, meat, legumes
Deficiency: is most common, Leads to anemia
PICA: eating non food items…
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Zinc
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Functions- Enzyme activator, growth, wound healing, metabolism, immune system
Deficency- growth retardation, sexual immaturity
Sources- beef, oysters, liver, eggs, seafood
Do not eat in galvanized utensils
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Iodine
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Functions- thyroid hormone, metabolism
Deficiency- growth, goiter, tired
Too much= energy
Bind iodide- cabbage
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Selenium
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Function- works with vitamin E to protect body compounds from oxidation
Food Sources- grains seafood
Toxicity- fingernail changes, hair loss
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Copper
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Functions- use iron, nerve covers, hemoglobin
Sources- organ meats, seafood
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Manganese
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Functions- activates enzymes
Sources- Whole grains and cereals, fruits, vegetables
No deficiency or toxicity
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Fluoride
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Functions- bones and teeth
Deficiency- tooth decay
Sources- drinking water, tea, marine fish
Toxicity- mottling of teeth
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Chronium
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Functions- maintaining normal glucose metabolism
Deficiency- impaired glucose tolerance
Sources- yeast, liver, cheese
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Electrolytes
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Sodium, potassium, chloride
Charged particles
Functions- normal fluid balance
Sources- processed foods
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Sodium
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Functions- fluid balance, nerve impulse
Sources- table salt, soy sauce, dill pickles
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Potassium
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Functions- cell, fluid balance, nerve impulses
Food sources- potatoes, beans, OJ milk
Well absorbed , Can cause cardiac arrest
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Chloride
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Functions- fluid balance
Sources- salt, soy sauce, processed foods
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NSD 225: Exam 3