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BCMB 3100: Test 3
Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and degradation |
What reactions take place in the cytoplasm of a Eukaryotic cell? (4) |
Mitochondria, matrix of the mitochondria |
The reaction from Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA occurs in the ______ while the Kreb's cycle take place in the ______. |
2 Carbons |
How many carbons are broken down at a time during Fatty Acid degradation? |
high ATP (would stimulate gluconeogenesis) , lower ATP |
PDH is inhibited by _____ in the cell, but _____ activates it |
1 NADH |
Pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA produces... |
Phosphatase |
Decarboxylates PDH complex |
Inhibit |
Citrate buildup will _____ glycolysis because you have enough ATP. |
vitamin b1 (thiamine) |
People lacking the coenzyme for ______ are subject to Beriberi |
Converting Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA |
Vitamin B1 is essential to... |
Coenzyme |
Organic molecule required for an enzyme to function... |
cofactor |
Inorganic molecule required for an enzyme to function... |
Irreversible; phosphatase and kinase |
The PDH complex is highly regulated because the reaction is ______, and it is regulated by what enzymes? |
Oxaloacetate |
______ is important for Kreb's and glucose production. |
Pyruvate Carboxylase |
What enzyme is utilized to produce oxaloacetate from Pyruvate? |
high; lower |
Kreb's cycle would favor a ____ amount of Acetyl CoA and a _____ amount of ATP. |
oxaloacetate, acetyl CoA; citrate |
Citrate synthase is important because it condenses _____ and _____ to form _____. |
citryl CoA |
OA + Acetyl CoA --[....]-> Citrate |
OA; Acetyl CoA |
In the formation of Citrate, ___ must bind first then ___ may bind. Otherwise, we will not get the correct product |
Energy Harvesting |
Formation of NADH, FADH2, or ATP would indicate the process of_____ |
Energy Setup |
(Kreb's cycle) There is no formation of different molecules, but necessary steps are taken during ______ to make sure that other processes may be carried out. |
2 Pyruvate, 2 Acetyl CoA, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP |
1 glucose molecule will produce.... for Kreb's |
ADH and pyruvate; ATP, Acetyl CoA, and NADH |
in the reaction Pyruvate --> Acetyl CoA... what activates the reaction and |
Increased surface area |
The benefits of having the ETC located in a membrane... |
2.5; 1.5 |
NADH creates ___ ATP per molecule while FADH2 creates ___ ATP per molecule in the ETC. |
Stop |
High ATP and low ADP will cause the ETC to ____. Low ATP and high ADP will do the opposite. |
Deprotonated; protonated |
when pH>pka of the molecule, it is _____ but when pH<pka of the molecule, it is ______. |
protonated |
On intermembraneous side of the inner membrane, the DNP is _____. |
Deprotonated |
On the matrix side of the inner membrane, the DNP is _____. |
Heat |
When hydrogens are brought back into the matrix, energy is released as... |
provides heat |
Hibernation works in the same way DNP does, it contains proton transporters that _____ due to carrying H+ ions back into the many matrices (brown fat) |
Gradient created by pumped out H+ |
Driving force of the ATP synthesis is due to the ______________. |
Acetyl CoA |
Where is a majority of carbons from fatty acid synthesis come from? |
Phosphorylates; inactive |
AMP-dependent protein kinase ________ Acetyl CoA carboxylate, which causes it to become _______. |
Dephosphorylates; active |
Protein Phosphatase 2A________ Acetyl CoA carboxylate, which causes it to become _______. |