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GBIO 153H: EXAM 1
Catabolic |
To break down
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Anabolic |
To build up
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Chemosynthesis |
Use of sulfur and other elements to survive in harsh climates by bacteria
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Chlorophyll |
Green pigment found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants
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Melanin |
Primary determinant of skin color; also found in hair
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Keratin |
Make up the outer layer of human skin. It is the key structural component of hair and nails
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Xanthophyll |
A yellow or brown pigment that causes the changing of colors of leaves in the fall
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Countershading |
Organisms are darker dorsally and lighter ventrally
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Asymmetry |
No definite body shape
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Radial symmetry |
Extremities radiate out of central body like spokes in a wheel
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Bilateral symmetry |
Could divide the body into two mirror images
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Autotroph |
Organisms make their own food
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Heterotroph |
Organisms capture their own food
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Mixotroph |
Can have both autotrophic and heterotrophic tendencies
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Saprobe |
Consumes dead organisms
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Symbiosis |
An intimate relationship between two or more organisms
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Parasite |
An organism that lives in or on another host organism at the expense of the host
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Vector |
Carriers of parasites (mosquitoes - malaria, rats - plague)
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Ectoparasite |
Live on the host, can serve as a vector
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Endoparasite |
Live within the host
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Commensal |
Live in or on a host, is not dangerous nor beneficiary to host
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Mutuals |
Organisms live together to benefit each other
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Sessile |
Fixed in place, immobile
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Planktonic |
At the mercy of the tides and winds
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Nocturnal |
Active during the night
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Diurnal |
Active during the day
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Crepuscular |
Active at dawn and dusk
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Fauna |
Animals
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Flora |
Plants
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Regeneration/reconstitution |
The ability to regenerate lost extremities/body shape
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Father of Taxonomy |
Carolus Linnaeus
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Hierarchy of taxa |
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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Archaea |
Ancient/extreme bacteria
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Bacteria |
Modern bacteria
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Eukarya |
Eukaryotic cells
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Extremophiles |
Bacteria that live/thrive in harsh conditions
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Acidophiles |
Bacteria that live in acidic environments
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Halophiles |
Bacteria that live in salty environments
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Thermophiles |
Bacteria that live in hot environments
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Methanogens |
Bacteria that produce methane
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Chlorophyta |
Green algae
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Rhodophyta |
Seaweed
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Phaeophyta |
Brown algae
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Myxomycota |
Slime mold
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Apicomplexa |
Parasites in their adult form
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Bryophyta |
True moss
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Pterophyta |
Ferns
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Lycophyta |
Lycopodium (Christmas trees/wreaths)
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Sphenophyta |
Horse tails
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Ginkophyta |
Ginko trees
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Cycadophyta |
Cycads
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Gymnosperm |
Pinecones
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Angiosperm |
Flowers (monocots/dicots)
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Zygomycota |
Bread mold
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Ascomycota |
Morels
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Claviceps |
Ergot
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Penicillium |
Penicillin
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Aspergillus |
Aspergillosis
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Basidiomycota |
Mushrooms
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Proifera |
Sponge
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Cnidaria |
Jellyfish
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Ctenophera |
Sea walnuts
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Platyhelminthes |
Flat worms (tapeworm)
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Molluska |
Mollusks (clams, scallops)
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Gastropoda |
Single-shelled (slugs)
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Nematoda |
Roundworms (hookworms, pinworms, heartworms)
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Annelida |
Segmented worms (earthworm, leech)
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Arthropoda |
Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, arachnids, chilopods, diplopods)
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Chilopods |
Centipedes
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Diplopods |
Millipedes
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Echinodermata |
Spiny skinned animals (starfish)
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Chordata |
Fish, amphibians, mammals, birds, etc.
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Agnatha |
Jawless fish (lampreys, hagfish)
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Gnathostoma |
Jaw opening (frogs, dogs, humans, birds, etc.)
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Chondrichthyes |
Cartilaginous fish (sharks, stingrays, etc.)
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Cetacea |
Dolphins and whales
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Osteichthyes |
Bony fish (anchovies, catfish, guppy, etc.)
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Sarcopterygii |
Lobe-finned fish. Coelacanth is believed to be the transition animal between fish and common land animals
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Tiktaalik |
Transition animal between fish and common amphibians
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Amphibia |
Toads, salamanders, frogs
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Reptilia |
Turtles, lizards, geckos, alligators
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Aves |
Birds of reptilian ancestry. Fast/slow twitch is predetermined through inheritance
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Archaeopteryx lithographica |
Transition animal between reptiles and common birds
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Mammalia |
Furry creatures, provide milk for their young
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Prototherians |
Ancient mammals, some reptilian characteristics such as egg laying (platypus, spiny anteater)
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Metatherians |
Pouched mammals (marsupials): kangaroos, wombats, wallabies, tasmanian devils, opossum, etc.
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Eutherians |
Placenta use, dominant mammals on planet (humans, etc.)
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Rodentia |
Beavers, squirrels, rats, etc. Constantly growing teeth
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Insectivora |
Insect-eating. Shrews, mole, etc.
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Carnivora |
Cats, dogs, bears, humans, etc.
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Lagomorpha |
Rabbits
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Chiroptera |
Bats
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Sirenia |
Manatee, sea cows
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Artiodactyla |
Even-toed grazing animals (camels, hippos etc.)
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Perissodactyla |
Odd-toed grazing animals (zebra, horse, rhino, etc.)
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Xenartha |
"Alien joints" (armadillo)
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Primates |
Humans, monkeys, chimps, etc. Defining factor is opposable thumbs
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Human lineage |
Eukarya, animalia, chordata, vertebrata, mammalia, eutheria, primates, hominidae, homo, sapiens, sapiens
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