UGC 111: Chapters 5-7
20 Cards in this Set
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Cordilleras
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A continuous spine of mountain ranges near or along the entire western coast of the Americas
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El Nino
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A periodic reversal of the normal flow of currents in the Pacific, greatly altering weather patterns
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Midden
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A refuse pile; archaeologists treasure such piles because a great deal can be learned about the material culture of a society by what people threw out over long periods of time
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Teosinte
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A wild grass native to Mesoamerica, believed to be critical in the development of maize
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Chiefdom
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An agricultural village or town of up to 1,000 inhabitants, in which people know each other, requiring a person of authority (an elder of the head of a family) to keep order as a respected chief
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Kingdom
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A city-state or territorial state in which a ruler, claiming a divine mandate and supported by a military force, keeps order and provides for the defense against outside attacks
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Sahel
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An area of steppe or semidesert bordering the Sahara
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Witchcraft
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An animistic belief in which an evil person (male or female) can harm an innocent victim at a distance and cause the victim to become possessed, with attendant illness
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Polytheism
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Personification of the forces of nature and performance of rituals and sacrifices to assure the benevolence of the gods and goddesses
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Glyphic Script
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The Maya developed a script of some 800 images. Some are pictograms standing for words, others are syllables to be combined with other syllables to form words
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Geoglyphs
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Long geometric lines and figures as well as outlines of animals formed in the desert by picking up darker stones and exposing the lighter sand underneath
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Cataphracts
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Heavily armed and protected cavalry soldiers
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Hoplites
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Greek foot soldiers fighting in closed ranks, called "phalanxes"
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Oracles
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Temples situated on the no-man's land between city-states and guided by priests or priestesses
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Hellenistic
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Period of Greek history from 323 BCE to 31 BCE
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Republic
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State without a royal dynasty and with an elected executive
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Legionaires
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Roman foot soldiers fighting in closed ranks
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Latifundia
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Large, ruling class-owned estates with tenant farmers or slaves
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Transcendence
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Realm of reality above and beyond the limits of material experience
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Synagogues
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Jewish meeting places for prayer and legal consultation
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UGC 111: Chapter 1-4