PGY 412: Neurological Disorders
25 Cards in this Set
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define incidence
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the rate at which new cases occur in a population during a specified period
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define prevalence
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the proportion of a population that are cases (of a disease) at a point in time
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population of USA
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314 million
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What are the causes of neurological disorderS?
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brain injury (mechanical,stroke)
diseases (autoimmune, infectious, toxic agent)
abnormal brain development
unknown
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what part of the CNS is affected when someone has a neurological disorder?
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neurons and their structures
sensory, motor controls, cognitive and affective function
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What are the treatments and cures for neuro disorders?
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medications
surgery
support services (OT, PT, etc.)
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synonym for mental retardation
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intellectual disability
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What is the frequency of downs syndrome?
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incidence 1 in 800 live births
prevalence 400,000 people in USA
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What is the cause of downs syndrome?
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trisomy mosaic or trisomy of chromosome 21
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what part of the CNS is affected for Downs Syndrome?
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brains are smaller
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Which brain functions are affected in Downs Syn?
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brain development and facial structure, cognitive function, IQ<70, motor system resulting in delayed childrens milestones
structure of heart
vision & eyes
short stature, obesity, early onset towards Alzheimers
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What are the treatments for downs syndrome?
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no cure
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What is the frequency of krabbe disease?
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incidence 1 in 100,000 live briths in US
prevalence 2 million people in US
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What is the cause of krabbe disease?
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genetic and herditary, single gene mutation, chromosome 14 which encodes for enzyme galactocerebrosidase which is necesssary for myelin formation around axons
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What are the effect on the CNS for krabbe disease?
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no myelin formation around axons
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Krabbe Disease: What are the functions effected?
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babies develop normally for first 2-3 months then symptoms
irritability, increased muscle tone, stiffness, loss of motor control, seizures, blindness, death age 2
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Treatments or cures for Krabbe Disease?
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no cures, treatment- cord blood transplants = HSCT Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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Epilepsy: What is the frequency of this disease?
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VERY COMMON
incidence:
prevalence: almost 1% population or 2.3 million americans
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Epilepsy: What are the causes?
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injury -mechanical
genetic mutations
brain structural differences
brain tumors
multiple sclerosis
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Epilepsy: What part of the CNS is affected and functions?
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A. partial simple (focal)- specific foci, motor cortex, movement and sensory experience with no loss of consciousness
B. partial complex - temporal lobe origin, lip-smacking ,picking at clothes , not full consciousness, aura
C. Tonic Clonic - loss of consciousness, falling, inceased mus…
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Epilepsy: What are the treatment options?
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a. drugs
b. ketogenic diet
c. VNS
e. brain surgery to remove a "seizure focus", brain hemisphere or corpus callossum
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petit mal
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generalized structures - absence
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grand mal
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generalized structures - tonic clonic
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post-ictal period
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period between seizures
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aura
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warning to a person that a seizure is coming
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PGY 412: Endocrine Disorders