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ART_GNRL 1020: EXAM 3
Actual Weight |
as opposed to visual weight, the physical weight of material in pounds
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Visual Weight |
as opposed to actual weight, the apparent "heaviness" or "lightness" of a shape or form
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Symmetrical |
term used when two halves of a composition correspond to one another in terms of size, shape, and placement of forms
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Absolute Symmetry |
term used when each half of a composition is exactly the same
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Bilateral Symmetry |
term used when the overall effect of a composition is one of absolute symmetry, even though there are clear discrepancies side to side
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Asymmetrically Balanced |
balance achieved in a composition when neither side reflects or mirrors the other
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Radial Balance |
a circular composition in which the elements project outward from a central core at regular intervals, like the spokes of a wheel
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Focal Point |
in a work of art, the center of visual attention, often different from the physical center of the work
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Scale |
the comparative size of an object in relation to other objects and settings
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Proportion |
in any composition, the relationship between the parts to each other and to the whole
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Canon |
the "rule"of perfect proportions for the human body as determined by the greek sculpture polykleitos in a now lost work known as the canon, and based on the idea that each part of the body should be a common fraction of the figure's total height
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Golden Section |
a system of proportion developed by the ancient greeks obtained by dividing a line so that the shorter part is to the longer part as the linger part is to the whole, resulting in a ratio that is approx 5 to 8
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Rhythm |
an effect achieved when shapes, colors, or a regular pattern of any kind is repeated over and over again
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Postmodernism |
a term used to describe the willfully plural and eclectic art forms of contemporary art
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Medium |
A. any material used to create a work of art
B. in painting, a liquid added to paint that makes it easier to manipulate |
Technologies |
the materials and methods available to a given culture
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Cartoon |
as distinct from common usage, where it refers to a drawing with humorous content, any full-size drawing, subsequently transferred to the working surface, from which a painting, or fresco is made
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Pigments |
the coloring agents of a medium
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Binders |
in a medium, the substance that holds the pigments together
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Metalpoint |
a drawing technique, especially silverpoint, popular in the 15th and 16th centuries in which a stylus with a point of gold, silver, or some other metal was applied to a sheet of paper treated with a mixture of powdered bones (or lead white) and gumwater
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Heightening |
the addition of highlights to a drawing by application of white or some other pale color
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Delineation |
the descriptive representation of an object by means of outline or contour drawing
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Sinopie |
the cartoon or under painting for a fresco
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Fixatives |
a thin liquid sprayed over pastel and charcoal drawings to protect them from smudging
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Pencil |
a drawing tool made of graphite enclosed in a soft wood cylinder
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Conte Crayon |
a soft drawing tool made by adding clay to graphite
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Pastel |
A. a soft crayon made of chalk and pigment; also any work done in this medium
B. a pale light color |
Wash |
large flat areas of ink or watercolor diluted with water and applied by brush
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Print |
any one of multiple impressions made from a master image
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Impression |
a single example of an edition
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Edition |
the number of impressions authorized by the artist made from a single master image
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Matrix |
the master image
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Original Print |
a print created by the artist alone that has been printed by the artist or under the artist's direct supervision
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Proofs |
a trial impression of a print, made before the final edition is run, so that it may be examined and, if necessary, corrected
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Relief |
in printmaking, any process in which any area of the plate not to be printed is carved away, leaving only the master surface to be printed
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Woodcuts |
a relief printing process, in which a wooden block is carved so those parts not intended to print are cut away, leaving the design raised. the resultant print is also called a woodcut
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Wood Engraving |
actually a relief printing technique, in which fine lines are carved into the block, resulting in a print consisting of white lines on a black ground. the resultant print is also called a wood engraving
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Registration |
the precise alignment of impressions made by two or more blocks or plates on the same sheet of paper, utilized particularly when printing two or more colors
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Linocut |
a form of relief printmaking, similar to a woodcut, in which a block of linoleum is carved so as to leave the image to be printed raised above the surface of the block, the resulting print is also known as a linocut
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Intaglio |
any form of printmaking in which the line is incised into the surface of the printing plate, including aquaprint, drypoint, etching, engraving, and mezzotint
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Stippling |
a pattern of closely placed dots or small marks employed to create the effect of shading or modeling
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Engraving |
an intaglio printmaking process in which sharp tool called a burin is used to incise the plate. the resulting print is also called an engraving
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Burin |
a metal tool with a V-shaped point used in engraving
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Etching |
an intaglio printmaking process in which a metal plate coated with wax is drawn upon with a sharp tool down to the plate and then is placed in an acid bath. The acid eats into the plate where the lines have been drawn, the wax is removed, and then the plate is inked and printed. the resulting print is also called an etching
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Ground |
a coating applied to a canvas or printmaking plate to prepare it for painting or etching
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Stopping Out |
in etching, the application of varnish or ground over the etched surface in order to prevent further etching as the remainder of the surface is submerged in an acid bath
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Drypoint |
an intaglio printmaking process in which the copper or zinc plate is incised by a needle puled back across the surface leaving a burr. the resulting print is also called a drypoint
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Burr |
the ridge of metal that is pushed up by the engraving tool as it is pulled across the surface of the plate and that results, when inked, in the rich, velvety texture of the drypoint print
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Mezzotint |
plate is ground all over with a rocker, leaving a burr raised on the surface that if inked would be rich black. the surface is subsequently lightened to a greater or lesser degree by scraping away the burr. the resulting print is also known as a mezzotint
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Rocker |
a sharp, curved tool utilized in the mezzotint printmaking process
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Aquatint |
acid bites around powdered particles of resin, resulting in a print with a granular appearance. the resulting print is also called a aquatint
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Lithography |
a polished stone, often limestone, is drawn upon with a greasy material; the surface is moistened and then inked; the ink adheres only to the greasy lines of the drawing; and the design is tranferred to dampened paper, usually in a printing process
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Planographic Print Making Process |
any printmaking process in which the print is pulled from a flat, planar surface, chief among them lithography
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Tusche |
a greasy material used for drawing on a lithography stone
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Silkscreens (Serigraphs) |
a stencil print making process in which the image is transferred to paper by forcing ink through a mesh; area not meant to be printed are blocked out
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Pop Artists |
a style arising in the early 1960s characterized by emphasis on the forms and imagery of mass culture
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Monotypes |
a printmaking process in which only one impression results
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Mimesis |
the concept of imitation, involving the creation of representations that transcend or exceed mere appearance by implying the sacred or spiritual essence of things
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Connotation |
the meaning associated with or implied by an image, as distinguished from its denotation
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Denotation |
the direct or literal meaning of an image
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Support |
the surface on which the artists works-a wall, a panel of wood, a canvas, a sheet of paper
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Solvent |
a thinner that enables paint to flow more readily and that also cleans brushes; also called a vehicle
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Encaustic |
a method of painting with molten beeswax fused to the support after application by means of heat
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Fresco |
painting on plaster, either dry (fresco secco) or wet (buon). in the former, the paint is an independent layer, seperate from the plaster proper; in the latter, the paint is chemically bound to the plaster, and is integral to the wall or support
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Buon Fresco |
painting on wet plaster
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Fresco Secco |
painting on dry plaster
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Tempera |
a painting medium made by combining water, pigment, and usually egg yolk
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Gesso |
a plaster mixture used as a ground for painting
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Glazing |
in ceramics, a material that is painted on a ceramic object that becomes glassy when fired
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Trompe l'oeil |
a form of representation that attempts to depict the object as if it were actually present before the eye in 3d space
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Watercolor |
a painting medium consisting of pigments suspended in a solution of water and gum arabic
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Gouache |
a painting medium similar to watercolor, but opaque instead of transparent
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Acrylic |
a plastic resin that, when mixed with water and pigment, forms an inorganic bond and quick-drying paint medium
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