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ART_GNRL 1020: EXAM 2
Liu Bolin (Chinese artist)
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Paints himself into landscapes
-Blends with background
-Shows disappearing in environmen |
How does an iconographic analysis interpret Marilyn Monroe by Audrey Flack?
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She emphasized each object individually and I.A. demonstrates how each of these objects is symbolic to her
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In Martin Puryear's piece, Ladder for Booker T. Washington, what is the visual metaphor at work?
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This lader is special: it's hand-blown glass and fragile
-A ladder, like life, is one-step at a time |
Which artist has a keen eye for quality of the work and learned that from a Swedish cabin maker?
This artist is also "craft orientated" |
Martin Puryear
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Ed Hopper
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-Realistic Paintings
-Mood of solitude or isolation with a common urban setting
-Known for Room in New York, Nighthawks, Sunday Morning |
Audrey Flack
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1931-present
known for superrealism or Photorealism
Still alive
Started abstract then moved into photrealism
Air Brush |
Salvador Dali
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Spanish surrealistic artist.
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Salvador Dali
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Prominent Spanish Surrealist Painter. Created the Icon of Surrealism. Persistence of Memory 1931
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Critical Process
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Process whereby a media-literate person or student studying mass communication forms and practices employs the techniques of description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, and engagement
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Critical Process
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the art of evaluating or analyzing, careful consideration of the Elements of Art & Principles of Design and how they come together to create a whole.
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Feldmans 4 step model
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DESCRIPTION
ANALYSIS
INTERPRETATION
EVALUATION |
Description
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A detailed account, usually non-argumentative and value-free, of what is seen. Describe only what is certain, leaving questionable objects and ideas for later. (artist’s name, year created, process, description of objects, subject matter)
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Analysis
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A breaking up of the whole artwork into parts to find out their similarities and differences, function and organization. How do the individual parts relate to one another or to the whole artwork?
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Interpretation
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At this stage personal meanings and understandings related to the description and analysis undertaken above is attempted and often this is an educated guess. It is certainly possible to find/ascertain more than one meaning. The artist's intention may or may not be relevant here
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Evaluation
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A judgment is made, a rank is given to the artwork in relation to other artworks of the same type
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Metaphor
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Language that directly compares 2 unrelated subjects.
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Shape
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An enclosed space
-line,color and texture
-2D |
Mass
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-3D Body of Material
-Density |
Texture
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Surface quality, Real texture (can be 2D), Implied is the illusion of texture on a 2D surface.
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Pattern
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Repetitive, decorative, and usually evenly spaced design. Help create texture.
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time and Motion
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Kinetic sculpture, a sculpture that moves.
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Ways to depict space on a 2-D surface
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Overlapping
Diminished Size
Diminished Detail
Atmospheric perspective
Position on the picture plane
Linear perspective
These can all be combined |
foreground
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Definition
The part of a work depicted as nearest to the viewer. |
midground
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allows the centering of image by using natural resting place for vision
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What is Leonardo's special kind of atmospheric perspective called?
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sfumato
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radial balance
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when all elements revolve around a central point
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symmetrical Balance
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Two sides of a composition 'match' and appear to balance.
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Sfumato
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-Italian term meaning smoke, describing a very delicate gradation of light and shade in the modeling of figures
-smoky, hazy |
one-point linear perspective
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lines are drawn on the picture plane in such a way as to represent parallel lines receding to a single point on the viewer’s horizon called the vanishing point
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Use of space in Abstract works:
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-space tends to become flattened
-form moves to the surface (a significant aspect in abstract works) |
Jackson Pollock
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-Drip Painting
-CreativeProcess |
What is the difference between real texture and simulated texture?
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-real texture you can feel/see
-simulated texture is a representation (painting) of real world object
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Sculpture Process
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Additive, Subtractive, Casting, Installations and Performance.
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Additive
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The sculptor builds the work, adding material as the work proceeds. (MODELING clay, ASSEMBLAGE of parts, CONSTRUCTION)
Modeling- Clay for example
Assemblage-- created by compiling and assembling objects (usually found).
Construction--building form |
Subtractive
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The artist begins with a mass of material and removes or subtracts it until the form is finished. CARVING
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Casting
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The technique of pouring liquid material into a mold to solidify, remove, then finish to create a 3-D object.
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Installations
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Uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way the viewer experiences a particular space. They can be a boundary-challenge for the viewer.
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Relief
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Sculpture that extends from the plane it is attached to.
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Low Relief and High Relief
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Low Relief raised slightly from the background
High Relief extends from the background by half of its depth. |
Casting
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The technique of pouring liquid material into a mold to solidify, remove, then finish to create a 3-D object
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performance pieces
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involve time-based performances that may involve objects, sounds, film..
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Paint terms
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Pigment
Binder
Solvent or Vehicle
Support
Ground
Gesso and Rabbit skin glue |
Pigment
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The mineral or synthetic component that gives paint color.
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Binder |
The component that binds pigments. Can be natural or synthetic (animal glue, milk, egg, resins, polyrethanes, polyesters, acrylics, ect.)
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Solvent or Vehicle
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Used to thin down paint or to clean (water for acrylic; mineral spirits, acetone for oil paint).
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Ground
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the first layer of 'paint' on a support that provides a smooth surface and stops absorption by the support.
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Gesso and Rabbit skin glue
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Used as a ground; the first layer of ‘paint’ that sizes the canvas and provides a rigid support.
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Paint Media
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1. Encaustic
2. Fresco
3. Tempera
4. Oil Painting
5. Watercolor
6. Acrylic (synthetic) |
Encaustic
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Pigments are combined with hot wax as a binder; an ancient technique for painting but still used today.
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Fresco
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An ancient technique; pigments are combined with limewater and applied to a fresh lime plaster wall. Pigments chemically bind with the lime plaster wall- painting is permanent.
Cartoon and pounce |
Cartoon and Pounce
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Cartoon
The preliminary drawing for transfer to the wall (it is to scale).
Pounce
A way to trace cartoons to wall; perforate drawing ‘pounce’ charcoal to transfer drawing. |
Tempera
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Paint medium made by combining pigment with water and a gummy material- usually egg yolk. The effect is a fine, linear effect of color on the surface. A system used primarily until the end of the Middle Ages.
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Water Color
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Pigments are suspended in gum Arabic (the binder) and combined with water. Applied to dampened paper. Of all the paint media, can be made more transparent than others (well, maybe…).
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Acrylic (synthetic):
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Pigments are combined with an acrylic polymer emulsion as the binder (a synthetic material). Benefits: water-soluble and fast drying (easier to use). Came into commercial use in the 1950’s.
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Oil Painting
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Pigments are combined with oil as the binder (and thinned with solvent or vehicle). More versatile- a continuous tonal range is possible but dries very slowly. Can be thinned and layered to create a luminous effect of color shining from below surface.
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principles of design (how the elements are manipulated and put to use)
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1. balance (symmetrical/asymmetrical)
2. emphasis (focal point)
3. rhythm (gaze moves in sequential order)
4. contrast (draws viewer attention to specific areas of emphasis)
5. unity (make immediate connections of message and brand) |
Emphasis & Focal Point
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draws the viewer's attention to one or more areas of the composition
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The artist Job
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To get the viewer’s eyes into the composition and then around to all the details once inside that composition.
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Duane Hanson
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photo realist
does life-size "super realistic" sculptures
chromed poly vinal
Realism
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Performance art
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art that "happens"
embraces the passing of time
process more important than artwork |
free-standing sculpture
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sculpture in the round that the viewer must circle to see completely
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Sculpture in the Round
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freestanding sculpture that can be viewed from all sides
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Ann Hamilton
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Conceptual Fiber artist who creats installations
works with cloth, text, projected video images, sounds |
What kind of balance is shown in Las dos Fridas?
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symmetry |
What is an artist's job?
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to get the viewer's eyes INTO the composition and then around to all the details once inside that composition
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____ created the "Persistence of Memory"
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Salvador Dali
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____ created the "Room in New York.
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Ed Hopper
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____ created "Placebo."
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Paine
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Sometimes ____ art is only about the formal components of art.
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Abstract |
____ uses multiple vanishing points to show the wide Parisian boulevards.
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Caillebotte
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In ____ art space tends to become flattened and the form moves to the surface
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abstract |
What kind of balance is shown in Las dos Fridas?
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symmetry
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What kind of balance is shown in African basket weaving?
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radial symmetry
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How can an artist make the viewer feel small and insignificant or powerless? Or intimidated?
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Scale |
Modeling is found in ____ works
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Clay |
_____ involves working with raw materials like wood, glass, steel, rubber, etc.
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construction |
What culture is an example of "relief?"
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Ancient Greek or Ancient Egyption
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Jackson Pollack
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Abstract Expressionism
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What are the formal qualities of Pollock's work?
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All over pattern of LINE
No horizon line/light source
Endless movement
Color is de-emphasized
No focal point
Large scale
Gesture of arm and body movement in is apparent |
Artists who use fresco?
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Michelangelo (Painting)
Vincent van Gough
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What is a fresco & where might you find one?
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Ancient technique
Architectural settings
Cartoons
Pounce - Tracing the drawings onto the wall |
____ uses multiple vanishing points to show the wide Parisian boulevards.
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Caillebotte |
Impasto
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Lay paint down in a thick way
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Frida Kahlo was famous for what?
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Balance in her photograph
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Sculpture processes:3-D media
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-Additive(modeling)
-Subtractive(carving)
-Casting(bronzer)
-Performance art
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