View
- Term
- Definition
- Both Sides
Study
- All (151)
Shortcut Show
Next
Prev
Flip
HIST 1100: EXAM 2
dramatic population increase
|
from about 1/4 million in 1700 to more than 2 million in 1770
|
Natural increase
|
births far outstripped deaths
|
immigration
|
in the seventeenth century, most immigrants had come for England
in the eighteenth century, fewer than 10% came from England
Scots-Irish
German
African
|
The majority of non-african immigrants settled where?
|
the Mid-Atlantic and Southern backcountry
|
Pennsylvania
|
settle in 1681
William Penn's proprietary colony imaged as a haven for Quakers persecuted in England
Originally settled by Quaker immigrants
extremely radical protestants
Practiced religious toleration for ideological reasons
German immigrants whopper often Lutheran, Moravian, Amish, or Mennonites
"Scots Irish" who came from Northern Britain and tended tone Presbyterian |
Why was America referred to as "Best Poor Man's Country?"
|
most fertile and most easily available land
plentiful employment opportunities
Grew many crops: Wheat and flour milling (major export)
Philadelphia
second largest city in the British Empire
Opportunities for craftsmen
important import |
Who is in the South?
|
Anglicans
|
Who is in the North?
|
Congregationalists (Also known as Puritans)
|
T/F
It was an inconvenience that America practiced religious toleration |
False. What often started as a matter of convenience would later become a cherished American ideal.
|
Rhode Island (1636) was initially founded by _____________ whose beliefs would not allow him to compel religious conformity.
|
Roger Williams.
Although he was horrified by some of the religious radicals who eventually settled there…
|
Maryland (1634) was initially established as a haven for who?.
|
Catholics.
The crown would not have put up with Catholics excluding Protestants, even if an all Catholic colony had been feasible. |
What state tolerated everyone?
|
New York. Impossible to compel religious conformity
|
Why was the deep south, like South Carolina and Georgia, scared? Why'd they want more settlers?
|
Protestants and Jews worshipped there, and Spanish Catholics were close by in Florida. But they were particularly vulnerable since majority of its population was enslaved.
|
1689 Toleration Act (English)
|
forbade persecuting Protestants.
–Not legally binding on the colonies but set a precedent |
Germans settlers
|
•were often members of pietistic sects (Moravians, Amish, Mennonites etc.)
|
Scottish and Scots-Irish immigrants
|
•Presbyterian
|
French immigrants
|
•Protestant Huguenots or Catholics
|
What happened as the colonies were becoming more populous and more diverse?
|
they were also becoming much wealthier
|
Why wasn't it possible to determine a per capita income?
|
because much of the colonial economy did not operate on cash (specie)
|
What do we see when measuring in exports/imports?
|
We know overall wealth grew tremendously because of evidence from the British customs records
|
Eighteenth-century colonial wealth was dependent on what?
|
slavery
|
T/F
wealth was evenly distributed by region andy individual family |
False. Wealth showed mostly with those who were slave owners
|
T/F
Tremendous influx of material goods was about more than wealth |
True.
Also provided a connection with English material culture AND a common language of goods between the colonists themselves. |
T/F
Seventeenth-century material culture was generally popular |
False.
It was sparse and utilitarian, it wasn't till 1720-1740 (and accelerating about 1760) that refined British goods began to flood the American market |
Part of the consumer revolution experience was
|
choice
using the same goods as one's neighbors
Negotiating status
and to expose those who didn't know what to do with it |
Why is important that British goods became a central part of american culture?
|
Because of the protests leading up to the Revolutionary War.
|
Southern land
|
fertile soil
|
New England land
|
thin and rocky
|
Regional Economies
|
regionally uneven distribution of wealth
|
T/F
By the eighteenth century, regional economies still didn't depend on slavery
|
False.
By the eighteenth century, all regional economies depended to some extent on slavery |
Navigation Acts
|
Intended to funnel lucrative trade with the colonies through England
•All goods traveling to or from colonial ports had to be transported on British ships with primarily British crews
–Colonies counted as British ports
–Supported English shipping and helped ensure that import/export taxes were paid
•Certain (particularly valuable) colonial products could only be shipped to England (“enumerated goods”)
–Allowed English merchants to re-export them at a profit |
Major Regional Export:
Chesapeake |
tobacco to England (enumerated good)
|
Major Regional Export:
North Carolina |
– naval stores
|
Major Regional Exports: Lower South
|
– rice and indigo to England (enumerated goods)
|
Major Regional Exports: New England
|
– fish to the West Indies
|
Major Regional Exports: Middle Colonies
|
– grain to the West Indies and Southern Europe
|
T/F
Slavery was legal and existed in every American colony |
true.
Textbook describes the Southern Colonies as “The Land of Slavery” which is misleading |
Lower South
|
–In many areas slaves outnumbered free white people
–Initially banned in Georgia (1733) but legalized by popular demand in 1751 |
Chesapeake |
–White majority but large plantations (as well as many small farmers) depended on slave labor
|
Exports and Slavery
New England and the mid-Atlantic |
–Slaves accounted for a small percentage of the population
–Slave trading was an important part of the economy
|
Exports and Slavery
|
–Grain which went primarily to the West Indies to feed slaves and to southern Europe
|
Exports and Slavery
New England |
–Fish to feed slaves in the West Indies
–Became increasingly involved in the slave trade |
Exports and Slavery
Chesapeake |
–Tobacco (grown primarily by slave labor)
|
Exports and Slavery
Lower South
|
–Rice and Indigo (grown almost exclusively by slave labor)
|
Almost _________ slaves were imported into the American colonies in the eighteenth century.
|
300,000
|
Average mortality rate of about 15%. Does or does not take into account those who died while being marched to the coast from the African interior?
|
Does |
By the eve of the Revolution, the colonies as a whole had gone from being a place in which.....
|
.....some people held slaves to being one which depended heavily on slavery for its wealth.
|
The Seven Year War
|
Or, How a Decisive Victory against the French undermined the British Empire in North America
(The highlights tour) |
French and Indian War was...
|
..part of the larger Seven Years War
–Engulfed much of Europe, India, the Caribbean, eastern North America |
French and Indian War was inadvertently started by who?
|
George Washington and his ineffective attempt to get the French out of the Ohio Valley
|
Who was crucial to deciding the Seven Year War?
|
The Indians
|
Many Indian nations, including the powerful Iroquois Confederacy decided...
|
To side with the French, even after being persistent asking for their help.
|
Albany Plan
|
Made by Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson to limit colonial government.
Instead the British officials appointed two Indian commissioners |
What was happening at the beginning of the War?
|
French were more prepared for war and had the support of most of the region’s Indians
•Britain Sent low number of troops and few supplies
•Britain Refused to listen to colonists’ advice of how Standard European military tactics would be ineffective |
What was the turning point in the French and Indian War?
|
William Pitt becomes Prime Minister
|
Why was Pitt a big deal?
|
•Added massive resources to the war
•Treated the colonies like allies by reimbursing war expenditure, did not demand
|
Why did the British end up winning?
|
Because of New British strategy
With New France’s inability to retain the allegiance of their Indian allies |
What was the colonies' Positive reaction from winning the 7 year war?
|
Pride in British victory
They were part of the war |
What was the colonies' Negative reaction from winning the 7 year war?
|
British soldiers’ distain for American troops
•Harsh discipline in the British army
•War had cost the colonists dearly in terms of lives and resources
|
What happened to the British after the 7 year war?
|
massive debt (doubled their national debt)
Felt the colonists should also pay (the consumer revolution made the British think that they could well afford it) |
Pontiac’s War (1763-64)
|
•Remember the French surrendered; the Indians did not
•Attacked a series of British forts near the Great Lakes
•British changed tactics and distributed the gifts which were an important part of diplomacy |
Proclamation of 1763
|
•Keep the colonists and Indians apart
•Indian war is expensive
•Indian Reservation in the Ohio Valley
•English sovereignty and Indian lands |
How did parlaiment pay for victory?
|
Taxes, Boycotts, and a massacre
|
Lord Grenville and the Sugar Act (1764)
|
Salaries of British customs officials cost 4x the revenues brought in
French molasses was highly taxed to keep American colonists from buying it
◦Molasses is a by-product of sugar production
◦Rum is made from molasses
◦French don’t like rum so French molasses was cheap
And so American distillers smuggled French molasses |
Lord Grenville’s Solution?
|
Lower the tax on French molasses. It won’t keep the colonists from buying it, but it might mean importers actually pay the tax.
|
How did the colonists react to the solution?
|
The lower tax was not enough to make smuggling unprofitable
AND the act tightened the enforcement of customs regulations
◦Harder to bribe officials
◦Trials were no longer local
◦Any British member of the navy could act as impromptu customs officials |
Why was Grenville lucky?
|
Only affected importers and New Englanders who made the rum.. other than that people just questioned it
|
The Stamp Act
|
A tax on anything that needs a stamp
|
Why the stamp act was different
|
•Affected most colonists – most people used paper at some point in their daily lives
•Direct tax (internal)
•Evoked broad popular response
•Never implemented |
Why did the colonist question the taxes?
|
–Virginians were British subjects
–Virginians had always taxed themselves
–Did anyone but the Virginia legislature have the right to tax Virginians? (No.) |
What were some of the responses of the colonist after the stamp act?
|
•Formation of the Sons of Liberty
•Andrew Oliver’s effigy
•Destroying the future stamp office
•Lt. Gov. Thomas Hutchinson’s House destroyed
•Crowds in other colonies followed suit |
Why was the Stamp Act repealed in 1766?
|
They couldn't sell a single stamp because there weren't many stamp officials left
|
The Declaratory Act
|
In other words "it was repealed, but you still lose"
|
What did Charles Townsend learn from the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act about the colonists?
|
•Learned from the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act that “external” taxes could be made to work but “internal” taxes offended American sensibilities
•So he developed a series of new import taxes in 1767
|
The Townsend Act
|
small taxes on what might be considered luxury items
|
Do people even today feel like the rebel against the Townsend Act was fair?
|
no. it was extreme because they were under parliaments rule, and they have debt, and Townsend made taxes as easy as possible on the colonies
|
Starting in Boston, towns up and down the east coast began to initiate ______________ and _________________ agreements.
|
“non-consumption”
“non-importation”
If Britain insisted on taxing Americans without their consent, Americans would retaliate by refusing to buy British goods.
|
Were boycotts a success or a fail?
|
Boycotts turned out to be a good idea. British trade with the colonies fell by 40%.
|
Why did boycotts work?
|
Because the American market was important to British manufacturers
◦By the 1770s almost all free colonists purchased English consumer goods
◦England sent about ¼ of its exports to the American colonies by the 1770s
Directed pressure on English merchants who had influence in Parliament |
Why did the boycotts work?
|
Served to unite colonists across regional, ethnic and even economic lines
Provided tangible proof of commitment across colony lines
Forced both men and women to take a public stand
◦A person’s politics became visible in what he/she drank, wore and bought
◦Agreements people signed or refused to sign
Non-consumption vs. non-importation agreements
◦Non-importation agreements were more effective at causing financial pain |
How did the boycotts work?
Male. |
If you are a man who is opposed to the Townsend Acts, you sign the agreement and force anyone else you can to sign it too.
Might also meet at the liberty tree in Boston, hold parades, and sing songs about and make toasts to liberty (and often get fairly liquored up in the process).
|
How did the boycotts work?
Female. |
We the undersigned inhabitants of some town pledge not to buy British manufactures until the offensive taxes have been lifted.
Spinning Bees |
Home Manufactures Never Replaced British Goods |
Did not have the technology for fine ceramics or glass
Could not grow their own tea – although they could substitute local herbal teas
Probably did not have enough sheep and flax in the colonies to make all of their own clothes even if they had had enough people willing to do it
For the most part colonists did without and expected the boycotts to be temporary |
What made a powerful political statement?
|
Drinking local herbal tea or publicly wearing homespun
(Because those things were products of female labor, they allowed women to make public political statements in ways they had been unable to before.) |
When did Parliament repealed all of the Townsend duties except for the tax on tea.
|
after blood was shed and Lord North became prime minister
|
Putting Boston in its Place
|
•Long history as a “mobbish” town and the leader in most of the post-1765 protests
•At the request of Gov. Francis Bernard, British government sent four regiments of troops to Boston |
Liberty Incident
|
–Crowds attacked customs officials who seized a ship owned by John Hancock
–Patriot leader and suspected smuggler |
Massachusetts Circular letter
|
arguing that the Townsend Duties were unconstitutional and subverted the proper role of governor and governed
Coordinating with other colonies |
British Troops in Boston
|
•Almost universally unpopular
•Standing armies were traditionally considered a hallmark of tyranny
•British soldiers tended to show little respect for people they considered provincial
•Soldiers also competed for work with ordinary men, and work was becoming scarce in Boston |
What happened on March 5, 1770
|
a crowd of colonists gathered outside of the customs house in Boston And began to heckle a lone sentry who stood guarding the king’s treasury…
|
Boston Massacre”
or
“Bloody Riot on King Street”
(5 Mar 1770) |
First martyrs of the revolution
Townsend repeal did nothing because of this massacre |
T/F
Things calmed down for a while |
True.
American colonists went back to buying British goods, and the British government refrained from imposing any new offensive taxes.
|
The Imperial Crisis Intensifies
|
From the Tea Party to Lexington and Concord
|
Tea Tax before the Tea Act
|
After 1770 the tea tax was the only Townsend duty still in force
Some smuggled Dutch tea
Everything was fine except that the British East India Company was losing money
|
Tea Act (1773)
|
Gave the East India Company special status allowing them to sell tea directly to American consumers
Lowered the duty on tea
Made English tea cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea
Made tea cheaper than Englishmen in England could buy tea |
What was the colonists deal about the Tea Act?
|
A design to reduce them under absolute despotism as many colonists saw it
|
Why did they feel under absolute despotism?
|
Townsend Acts had shown that England was willing to take Americans’ property for its own benefit without their consent
Standing army stationed in the colonies
The Tea Act mandated that colonists could buy tea only directly from England and at a set price |
Boston Tea Party
|
And so in Nov 1773 three hapless ship captains sailed three ships into Boston harbor.
Led by Sons of Liberty (esp. Sam Adams)
Decided to destroy the tea |
Boston Tea Party
|
100-150 men disguised as Indians boarded the ships, took axes to the tea chests and dumped the tea into the harbor
Leaders remained at South Church for “plausible deniability”
2000 people stood silently on the docks watching the destruction and providing protection
|
Coercive Acts (1774)
|
Closed Boston harbor
Any royal official accused of a capital crime was to be tried in England
Allowed soldiers to be quartered in private homes
Augmented the Massachusetts governor’s authority and made the council appointed rather than elected
Replaced royal governor (Thomas Hutchinson) with General Thomas Gage |
Quebec Act (1774)
|
Allowed continuation of French civil law in Quebec
Made Catholicism legal in Quebec
Gave Quebec control of disputed lands including the Ohio valley
How could great Britain allow a bunch of Frenchmen under their jurisdiction this sort of liberty while denying liberty to American colonists?! |
The Colonists referred to the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act together as the ________________
|
Intolerable Acts.
|
First Continental Congress (1774)
|
Purpose was to formulate a united response to the Intolerable Acts
Representatives from 12 colonies met at Philadelphia (all but GA)
Goals:
Agree on exactly which liberties they claimed as British subjects
Agree what powers Parliament should legitimately have over them |
The Result
|
•Produced a declaration of rights
•no new rights” but asserted that each colonial government had sole right to legislate for and tax each colony
Affirmed England’s right to tax the colonies for the regulation of trade
•Called for a Continental Association
Local committees of safety (boycotts)
Local committees of correspondence (inter-colonial communication and coordination) |
What happened when Gage planned to seize arms and ammunition hidden at Concord, Massachusetts?
|
Gage had a security leak
Paul Revere and William Dawes rode through the Massachusetts countryside to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock to hide; also that there was to be an attack on the hidden weapons at Concord
Revere managed to warn Hancock and Adams although he was captured soon after |
The British troops arrive at Lexington
|
About five miles from Concord
Met with 70 armed men on the village green
Somebody fired – 8 Americans dead
Troops continued to Concord but the arms had already been removed
Skirmish at Old North Bridge
As the British marched back to Boston, American snipers killed or wounded 273 British soldiers |
What was the first battle of the American Revolution?
|
Lexington and Concord
|
Why were the American colonists so reluctant to declare independence?
(19 Apr 1775 – 4 July 1776) |
They wanted liberty but supported slavery
|
Who was showing sign of a revolt?
|
Virginia |
In March 1775, the Second Virginia Convention met at St. John’s church in ________________ to discuss the wisdom of _________________ to __________ against the ____________
|
Richmond, Virginia
raising a militia
defend themselves
British military.
(the resolution passed) |
Dunmore’s Proclamation, Nov 1775
|
"I do hereby further declare all indentured Servants, Negroes, or others, (appertaining to Rebels,) free that are able and willing to bear Arms"
|
How many slaves joined the British?
|
3000 are known to have evacuated with the British from New York at the end of the war
|
How many slaves joined the Patriots?
|
Washington initially forbade it
Manpower shortages
Roughly 5000 black men served
Many were free men
Some slaves served in exchange for freedom
Freedom for slaves was usually associated with the British army |
The prospect of breaking with the symbolic father, __________, raised the specter of all sort of _________________.
|
King George
hierarchy breaking down |
Who said :
“The spirit of _________ had spread where it was not intended.” |
Liberty
Thomas Hutchinson |
What brought about the basis for the American government through most of the Revolutionary War?
|
American delegates met in Philadelphia for the Second Continental Congress.
|
Olive Branch Petition
|
a negotiation for peace (July 1775)
|
How did Britain reply to the Olive Branch Petition?
|
King George III declared (before Parliament) that the colonies were in open rebellion and, therefore, outside of his protection
|
What has happened by the time the Second Continental Congress voted for independence?
|
Concord and Lexington
Battle of Bunker Hill
George Washington had assumed command of the army
George III had declared the colonies in open rebellion |
Who were appointed to write the DOI?
by who? |
Five men, one being Thomas Jefferson
and the Second Continental Congress |
Why did the war seem to be going well at first?
|
•Great Britain was powerful
•Americans were ill-trained, ill-supplied
•¼ of all adult male white colonists served at some point, many served relatively short enlistments
•Colonies were not used to cooperating with one another in military matters
•Continental army and state militias tended to distrust one another |
“Domestic Insurrections”
|
Absconding slaves and the constant fear of slave revolt
Most Indian nations sided with the British
Undetermined number of loyalists
In many places the Revolution took on the character of civil war |
The Three Major Military Events of the Revolutionary War about which I Want You to Know
|
•Battle of Lexington and Concord
•Battle of Saratoga
•Battle of Yorktown |
Battle of Saratoga (1777)
|
American forces were in real need of reinforcement
France had been sending some aid secretly
Would not openly support the soon-to-be United States or send troops until they had some indication that the Americans might win
Sept 1777 American forces under Benedict Arnold and Daniel Morgan won a decisive victory
Led to the surrender of British Gen. Burgoyne’s army of 5800 soldiers
Boosted American recruitment |
T/F
In response, France allied with the British forces, sending troops and supplies. |
False.
They allied with the colonies, and Spain allied with France in order to protect its American holdings. |
Battle of Yorktown (1781)
|
Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781
Last major battle of the Revolution (but two years before a peace treaty was signed)
Yorktown is on a peninsula
British Gen. Cornwallis marched his men there, expecting reinforcements from both the north by land and by sea
|
American Victory at Yorktown
|
Cornwallis’s army received no reinforcements and his army was already weakened by smallpox
French navy (instead of the British navy) showed up in the Chesapeake Bay
Cornwallis, caught between American forces on land and French forces on the bay, was forced to surrender
There would be plenty of skirmishes but no more major battles in the war |
Treaty of Paris (1783)
|
Britain recognized American independence and agreed to withdraw troops
Relocated the boundary between the US and Canada
British agree to return escaped slaves who had served behind British lines
Many British commanders refused to do it
American delegation agreed to recommend compensation for Loyalist loses |
What did the Americans have going for them?
|
Shorter supply lines
Military became more professional over time (particularly after Valley Forge and von Steuben in 1778)
Help from France
Ammunition and supplies from the beginning
Commitment to direct military support after the Battle of Saratoga
Crucial at Battle of Yorktown
Defensive War
The British had to win; the Americans had only to survive |
What were Britain's Disadvantages?
|
Much longer supply lines
Early in the war, generals were instructed not to alienate the populace
British government wanted a settlement
French and Spanish entry into the war created a number of new fronts
Protest in Britain
Many opposed the cost of the war, had family and friends in America, were sympathetic to American revolutionary principles etc. |
T/F
Rather than a true federal government, the Articles of Confederation provided for a “firm league of friendship.” |
True.
Individual states were jealous of their autonomy and wanted to avoid any form of government which might end in tyranny. |
Articles of Confederation
|
Drafted by John Dickinson (PA) and revised by the Continental Congress over the course of a year
Approved by the Continental Congress in Nov 1777
BUT the Articles could not be put into force until they had achieved the unanimous consent of the 13 new states |
What were some Powers Under the Articles?
|
Conduct War
Negotiate for Peace
Conduct foreign relations
Regulate interstate trade
Oversee a postal service
Adjudicate disputes between states (especially land disputes) |
What were the Structure Under the Articles
|
Delegates were to be chosen by state legislatures
Each state got one vote (could send as many 7 delegates)
Legislature also had judicial functions
Getting the states to agree
Majority for routine decisions
Major decisions (like declaring war) required 2/3
Amending the Articles required a unanimous decision
|
What did the Articles Not Have?
|
An executive branch
hence, no power of enforcement
A judicial branch
Power to tax
Remember there is a war going on!
It was a good way to avoid tyranny while getting nothing done. |
The logic of republicanism excluded __________, ________, and _____________…
|
married women
slaves
poor men
It did not necessarily exclude single women or black men with property. |
Legal Changes to Slavery
|
Explicitly by state constitution, 1777 (abolished slavery) MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, MASSACHUSETTS, VERMONT
1780-1804, children become free 18 to 28 (gradual emancipation) PENNSYLVANIA, NEW YORK, CONNECTICUT, NEW JERSEY
Eased restrictions on emancipation but did not require emancipation (individual cases of emancipation) VIRGINIA, DELAWARE, MARYLAND |
Who is Elizabeth Freeman?
|
Slave to Hannah and Col. John Ashby in western Massachusetts. Sued for and won her freedom in 1781.
|
T/F
Neither ___________________ nor judicial decisions ended slavery immediately, and didn't erode the institution of slavery anywhere. |
gradual emancipation laws
False. they did erode the institution of slavery north of Maryland. (For the first time it becomes possible to talk about a “free North” and a “slave South.”)
|
What was Jefferson's Plan for the Northwest Territory
|
Called for the land to be surveyed and divided in an orderly manner
US government should give away land in small parcels in order to encourage the growth of yeoman farmers
Thwart land speculators and discourage large concentrations of wealth
Suggested creating nine to fourteen separate states from the territory
Give small farmers a significant voice in the federal government |
Northwest Ordinance, 1787
|
Provided a mechanism by which territories carved from northwestern lands could become independent states
Rejected status as an imperial power
Made promises about equitable treatment for buying Indian land, but these were usually ignored
Prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territories |
Northwest Ordinance
|
Reduced the number of potential states from 9-14 to between 3 and 5
Early governments were appointed by federal government
And there would be no giving away land (the government was too heavily mired in debt to seriously consider it)
It was a far cry from what Jefferson had hoped for. |
End of 1780's The central government was
|
Mired in debt
Not yet able to realize money from Western land sales
Unable to enforce their requests for money from the states |
End of the 1780s the states were
|
Mired in debt
Most were hesitant to overtax a population already burdened by massive inflation
|
What were some Controversial taxes coming out of Boston?
|
Legislature was dominated by coastal, commercial interests
Interested in restoring international credit by paying off debt as quickly as possible
Trade was Boston’s lifeblood
Raised taxes to help pay off that debt
Required that taxes be paid in specie rather than depreciated paper money |
T/F
Four long years of property taxes which farmers in the western part of the state were finding increasingly difficult to pay. |
True
|
What were some Western Conventions
|
Organized by groups of towns
Many wanted revisions to the state constitution, including the dissolution of the upper house of the legislature
Many called for the capital to move closer to the center of the state in order to be more responsive to its people |
Shay’s Rebellion, 1786-87
|
March 1786 – Massachusetts added the central government’s tax requisition to the already heavy tax bill
1786 – between 2000 and 3000 armed men marched on county courthouses and shut them down (kept them from foreclosing on mortgages)
Judges were forced to agree to refrain from holding court until the state constitution was revised
Local militia were more sympathetic to the rebels than the judges
Massachusetts Gov. Bowdoin raised a private army of 3000 men
Paid for by wealthy Boston merchants |
Putting Down the Rebellion
|
January 1787 the rebels learned that the army was marching toward them
Tried to liberate guns from a federal arsenal but a militia band loyal to the state got there first
Skirmish at Springfield armory
February 1787 Bowdoin’s army surprised the rebels
150 prisoners
2 executions
1000 jailed |
And what did the Disqualification Act entail?
|
Prohibited about 4000 rebels from
Voting
Holding office
Serving on juries
Three year term shortened to one year for those who showed “good behavior” |
Shay’s Rebellion was a sign that republics could be as tyrannical as monarchies, for others the rebellion signaled what?
|
a weak central government which was unable to suppress rebellion within its borders.
|