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PSYCH 2310: EXAM 1
Social Psychology |
The science of how people think about, relate to, and influence one another. |
Hindsight bias |
I knew it all along |
Theory |
an integrated set of principles explain and predict observed events |
operationalization |
define research variables in a measurable way |
between subject design |
divide subjects into groups and give groups different IVs |
within subjects design |
give all subjects all IVs |
Illusion of transparency |
We think everyone can tell what we're feeling when they can't |
I am ______ exercise |
White people identify as individuals while minorities identify as a part of a group |
Affective forecasting |
People predict how things will affect them |
Are people good at affective forecasting?
|
We're good at valance (Positive or Neg) but bad at impact(Severity) |
Narcissism |
An inflated sense of self, high self esteem, problems w relationships w other people |
unrealistic optimism |
Thinking that good things are more likely to happen to you and that bad things are less likely to happen to you |
self-reflective glory
|
associating yourself with someone else's success |
self handicapping |
Protecting one's image with behaviors that will excuse later failures |
false consensus |
Tendency to overestimate the commonality of ones opinions or negative behaviors |
belief perseverance |
Tendency to believe our first instinct even when evidence says its wrong |
priming |
triggering certain associations or memories |
Causes of overconfidence |
Confirmation Bias
Failure to learn from feed back
poor feedback
temporal distance |
Remedies for over confidence
|
Try to come up w reason you might be wrong
get feedback
planning fallacy: Double your estimate |
Illusory correlation |
false belief that 2 things are related |
illusion of control |
false sense of control i.e.. superstition |
counterfactualthinking |
alternate realities are easy to imagine, first instinct fallacy plays on anticipated regret |
framing |
torture vs. enhanced interrogation
200 ppl live v. 2/3 die |
Fundamental Attribution Error |
systematic discounting of a situation |
ABC's of Attitude |
Affective component like emotions
Behavior
Cognitive |
Cognitive dissonance
|
having two opposing views in your mental, acting against what you believe and trying to justify it |
Necessary conditions for cognitive dissonance |
Behavior must be free will
must be unjustifiable
must have foreseeable negative consequences |
self perception theory |
You observe your own actions and form your opinions based on that |
Self-Consciousness |
Awareness of self |
Self-Concept |
Concept of self |
independent cultures |
western world, we identify w what makes us unique |
Interdependant Culture |
Identify w wat makes them all the same |
Self knowledge |
Ability to explain one's self accurately |
Misconstrual |
Imagining the wrong event/outcome |
Impact bias |
People tend to overestimate the intensity or duration of emotional responses to events |
focalism |
focusing on one event only |
End of History Illusion |
How I am right now is how I'll be forever |
Psychological Immune system |
How we cope/deal w negative events |
Immune neglect
|
underestimate our ability to cope and recover from negative events |
Illusory thinking |
searches for order among randomness |
Questionnaires are _____ |
Explicit Measures |
personality psychology: |
interested in how individual differences influence cognition and behavior |
self esteem |
feeling bout the self |
narcissism |
inflated sense of self, charming, outgoing, no healthy long term relationships, likely to retaliate aggressively to critism |
attitude |
a favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone |
dissonance
|
an unpleasant physiological state of arousal |
cognitive dissonance |
when we hold inconsistent cognitions or they are inconsistent w our behavior we experience dissonance and we are motivated to reduce or eliminate it. |