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SOCY 1004: FINAL EXAM
4 modes of entering deviant career |
defensively
drift
conscious decision
sponsorship |
4 modes of entering deviant career: defensively |
no other choice |
4 modes of entering deviant career: drift |
drift theory - on foot in, one foot out |
4 modes of entering deviant career: conscious decision |
getting sponsored in, pros and cons |
4 modes of entering deviant career: sponsorship |
careers that you cannot get in without help - gangs |
Structural Theories |
deviance is outside of individuals: invisible social structures
differential opportunity theory
strain theory |
Structural Theories: Differential Opportunity Theory |
structural things about you that make it easier/harder to get into deviant situations |
Structural Theories: Strain Theory |
values overemphasized, resulting in strain
Conformity
Innovation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion |
Strain Theory: Innovation
|
crime occurs |
Strain Theory: Ritualism |
going through the motions |
Strain Theory: Retreatism |
giving up on values and norms |
Strain Theory: Rebellion |
replacement of values and norms |
Howard |
Negotiation an exit
existential obstacles
interactional obstacles
cultural obstacles |
existential obstacles |
letting go of a marked identity
limiting consequences
identity void
feeling unsettled |
interactional obstacles |
deserter complex (you feel bad for leaving)
reverse stigmatization (others look down on you for leaving) |
cultural obstacles |
conflation of cultures
dominated by medicine (by doc and medical terms) |
Jenkins |
Moral Panics |
Moral Panics |
an episode triggered by media that fuels public fear but usually not true and shortly lived
might lead to reactive laws and/or policies
intensify the issue through media and slippery slopes |
Moral Panics: 5 STEPS |
perceived as a threat
claims-makers
mass media
hysteria
issue retreats |
Three Traditions in Literature |
Individual Determinants (past reasons why they would do something)
Rape Culture (rape myths)
Contexts (specific locations) |
Individual Level |
Transition from high school to college
non-gendered characteristics
peer culture is gendered and secularized
control parties
danger is the unintended consequence |
OrganizationalLevel |
University Practices
drugs and alcohol is strict in dorms (safe environment)
not strict off campus (unsafe) |
Interactional Level |
production of fun
trust
clothing
space
transportation
liquor/drugs |
Individual Blame |
types of victim - blaming
mistakes
prevention strategies
status
opting out |
Membership Characteristics |
finding a community
nature of a community
identification with the community (be whoever you want)
oscillating in and out of communities (unstable) |
Chambliss |
Roughnecks and Saints
Main Points - resisting formal labels
visibility
demeanor
bias |
Field Methods |
choose a topic
gaining entree
forging trust and relationships
developing analysis
cross checking, reliable |
Incorporation of Subculture |
vocabulary
norms
values
system of status stratification
deviant ideology
subculture love
social support |
Incorporation of Subculture: Vocabulary |
unique jargon |
Incorporation of Subculture: Norms |
specific "rules" |
Incorporation of Subculture: Values |
what they value out of life |
Incorporation of Subculture: System of Status Stratification |
not all equal, different levels |
Incorporation of Subculture: deviant ideology |
some set of neutralizations, rationalization
legit deviant behavior |
Incorporation of Subculture: Subculture Love |
stories, origin
can strengthen idea of opposition |
Incorporation of Subculture: Social Support |
info diffusion
method -> internet, message boards, gatherings
gossip |
Erikson |
Main Points:
ascribed deviance (born unchangeable)
vs.
achieve deviance (action taken)
Functions of Deviance
Ways institutions perpetuate deviance |
Deviant Identity Statuses |
primary (not caught)
secondary (after you've been caught)
tertiary (embracing it) |
Avoiding Accounts |
Not giving accounts and way people avoid that
mystification
referral
identity switching |
Avoiding Accounts: Mystification |
admitting you aren't doing this right but not explaining why
ex: "you don't want to know" |
Avoiding Accounts: Referral |
let someone else do the work
ex: "talk to my lawyer" |
identity switching |
people you put down
ex: "you are just a girl" |
Formal Labeling Proces |
getting caught
arrested and processed
pre-trial investigation
court/trial
incarceration/jail
depersonalization
forced adoption of official status and deviant label |
Loner Deviance |
lack company; don't share interest or attitude, or deviance |
Social Organization of Deviance |
you need another deviant to be deviant
4 dimensions |
Social Organization of Deviance: 4 dimensions |
mutual participation
division of labor
org. of time and space |
leiderbach |
why people in high status positions don't tend to get labeled |