35 Cards in this Set
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Personality Traits
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a unique set of consistent emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dispositions or tendencies
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What are the 3 Levels of Personality Analysis
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~Human Nature.
~Individual & Group Differences. ~Individual Uniqueness.
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Human Nature
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how we are like all others
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Individual Differences
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~Individual Differences: ways in which each person is like/different from some other people
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Group differences
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how people differ across groups [culture, age, sex, race]
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Individual Uniqueness
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how we are like no others
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Traits
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~describe people. ~explain behavior. ~predict future behavior.... ~~~how people are different from each other [extroversion, sensation seeking, etc]
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Mechanisms
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~Inputs.
~Decision Rules. ~Outputs.
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Inputs
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becoming more sensitive to certain information [ex: optimists notice more positive events]
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Decision Rules
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deals with options you consider [ex: confrontation with roommate; if you're an aggressive person, you may not even consider talking it out]
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Outputs
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behaviors [ex: extroverts may be more likely to go to a party]
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Reciprocal Determinism
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Personality, Environment, and Behavior all influence each other.
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Domain of Knowledge
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a specialty area
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Dispositional Domain
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individual differences
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Biological Domain
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humans are collections of biological systems which provide the building blocks for behavior, thought and emotion
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Intrapsychic Domain
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mental mechanisms and unconscious processes
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Cognitive-Experiental Domain
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thoughts, feelings, and beliefs
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Adjustment Domain
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personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and adjust
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Social and Cultural Domain
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personality affects and is affected by the social and cultural context
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Self-Report Data
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asking questions [structured vs. unstructured]
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Observer-Report Data
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information provided by an observer
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Test Data
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standardized tests of behavior [biological vs. situational]
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A test is Valid if....
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it measures what it claims to measure
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A test is Reliable if....
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its measure is consistent.
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Internal Causal Properties
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proposition that internal states such as needs/wants influence external behavior
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Purely Descriptive Summaries
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proposition that traits make no assumptions about internality or causality
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Taxonomy
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classification system
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Eysenck's Hierarchical Model of Personality
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Three highly heritable traits; PEN
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Three Fundamental Approaches to identifying important traits
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~Lexical. ~Statistical. ~Theoretical.
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Lexical Approach
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involves using the cultures language to identify important traits
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Statistical Approach
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using factor analysis to organize a large set of traits into smaller factors
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Theoretical Approach
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determines important traits from existing theories
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Cattell's Taxonomy
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16 traits [lexical approach]
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The Wiggins Circumplex
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Interpersonal traits
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Five Factor Model ["Big Five"]
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OCEAN [openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism] ~~~most widely accepted model
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