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ART 155: EXAM 1
Paleolithic |
stone age |
Sculpture in the round |
Freestanding figures carved or molded in three dimensions. |
Abstraction |
Abstract art seeks to break away from traditional representation of physical objects |
Post and Lintel Construction |
is a system with a lintel, header, or architrave as the horizontal member over a building void supported at its ends by two vertical columns, pillars, or posts. |
Relief Sculpture |
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material. Not 3D
|
Naturalism |
a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.
|
Megalith |
a large stone that forms a prehistoric monument (e.g., a menhir) or part of one
|
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
river in SW Asia. Very important for mesopotamia |
Sumer / Sumerian |
Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and Kuwait) which is generally considered the cradle of civilization.
|
Ziggurat |
a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple. |
Apotropaic Device |
designed to avert evil |
Register |
in sculpture as well as in painting, a register is a vertical level in a work that consists of several levels, especially where the levels are clearly separated by lines
|
Naram-Sin |
ruler of the Akkadians, ruled with absolute power |
Stele |
is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected as a monument, very often for funerary or commemorative purposes. |
Babylon / Babylonian |
an ancient city of SW Asia, on the Euphrates River, famed for its magnificence and culture: capital of Babylonia and later of the Chaldean empire. |
Assur / Assyrian |
ancient city |
Cuneiform |
denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.
|
Glazed brick |
Brick with a ceramic coating or finish applied then fixed in a second firing. Earthenware so treated can be brightly coloured and useful in decorative façades. |
Votive |
consisting of or expressing a vow, wish, or desire |
Hierarchical Scaling (hieratic scale) |
It is the manipulation of size and space in a picture to emphasize importance of a specific object. |
Sargon |
king of the akkadians |
Akkad /Akkadian |
City state in ancient middle east |
Relief Sculpture |
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material |
Hammurabi |
was the sixth king of the Amorite First Dynasty of Babylon, assumed the throne from his father, Sin-Muballit, and expanded the kingdom to conquer all of ancient Mesopotamia. |
Lamassu |
is an Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having a human's head, a body of an ox or a lion, and bird's wings.
|
Hieroglyphic |
writing consisting of hieroglyphs. |
Pharaoh |
King of egypt |
Horus |
a solar deity, regarded as either the son or the brother of Isis and Osiris, and usually represented as a falcon or as a man with the head of a falcon. |
Uraeus |
a representation of a sacred serpent as an emblem of supreme power, worn on the headdresses of ancient Egyptian deities and sovereigns.
|
Aton |
Aton was one of the forms of the Sun, and perhaps the most material one of all those devised by the Egyptians. |
Amenhotep III / Akhenaton |
Both pharaohs, akhenaton changed his name because he only believed in one god. |
Sunken relief |
sculptural relief in which the outlines of modeled forms are incised in a plane surface beyond which the forms do not project |
Mastaba |
an ancient Egyptian tomb rectangular in shape with sloping sides and a flat roof, standing to a height of 17-20 feet (5-6 m), consisting of an underground burial chamber with rooms above it (at ground level) in which to store offerings. |
Demotic |
of, relating to, or written in a simplified form of the ancient Egyptian hieratic writing |
Ka |
the supposed spiritual part of an individual human being or god, which survived (with the soul) after death and could reside in a statue of the person.
|
Nemes |
head dress wore by Pharaoh |
Idealized |
regard or represent as perfect or better than in reality. |
Amarna Period |
The Amarna Period was an era of Egyptian history during the latter half of the Eighteenth Dynasty when the royal residence of the pharaoh and his queen was shifted to Akhetaten |
Sun disk |
is the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian mythology, and originally an aspect of the god Ra |
Pyramid |
a quadrilateral masonry mass having smooth, steeply sloping sides meeting at an apex, used as a tomb. |
Sphinx |
is a mythical creature with, as a minimum, the head of a human and the body of a lion. |