67 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
---|---|
This layer of the Earth is most dense
|
core
|
The process of turning sediment into sedimentary rock
|
lithification
|
The type of rock where the hanging wall moves down relative to the foot wall
|
normal fault
|
Mid-ocean ridges are found at this type of plate boundary
|
divergent plate boundary
|
Strike-slip faults are created by what type of stress
|
shear stress
|
When an oceanic plate is shoved under a continental plate at a convergent boundary
|
subduction
|
A stationary location on Earth where heat is rising (not at a plate boundary)
|
hotspot
|
Volcanoes are NOT found at which plate boundaries?
|
Continental Collision Zones
Transform Plate Boundaries
|
Earthquakes that are so small that they are imperceptible to humans
|
silent earthquakes
|
The theory that Earth's lithosphere is is broken into large, rigid plates that move relative to one another
|
Theory of Plate Tectonics
|
Rocks that form from magma or lava when it cools and crystalizes
|
igneous rocks
|
Rift valleys on continents are found at this type of plate boundary
|
divergent plate boundary
|
Type of plate boundary where plates are moving toward each other
|
convergent plate boundary
|
Tsunamis are generated by what type of earthquakes in subduction zones
|
megathrusts
|
The worldwide distribution of earthquakes and _____ provide evidence for plate boundaries
|
volcanoes
|
Metamorphic rocks are formed by
|
heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids
|
Examples of hotspots
|
Hawaii
Yellowstone
Iceland
|
Example of a chemical sedimentary rock
|
limestone
|
Which earthquake in 2010 had a high magnitude, the one in Chile or the one in Haiti?
|
Chile (M 8.8)
|
The tallest mountains in the world are found at this type of plate boundary
|
convergent plate boundary (continental collision)
|
The San Andreas fault in southern California lies along this type of plate boundary
|
transform plate boundary
|
This is an example of a extrusive igneous rock
|
basalt
|
Examples of divergent plate boundaries
|
mid-Atlantic Ridge
East African Rift Valley
Red Sea
|
An aggregate of minerals
|
rock
|
This layer of the Earth is broken into tectonic plates
|
lithosphere
|
A chain of volcanic islands created over an oceanic plate- oceanic plate subduction zone
|
island arcs
|
Before we had GPS, hot spots were used by scientists to determine the
|
speed and direction of plate motion
|
The type of fault created by compressionable stress
|
reverse fault
|
Normal faults are most closely associated with what type of plate boundary
|
divergent plate boundary
|
The deepest places in the ocean; it marks a boundary between 2 plates at a Subduction Zone
|
trench
|
The driving force behind plate tectonics is convention in the
|
asthenosphere
|
The only layer of the Earth that is liquid
|
outer core
|
In what type of metamorphic rocks are all the grains aligned in the same orientation
|
foliated
|
Los Angeles (southern California) is located on what plate
|
Pacific Plate
|
During Earth's formation, what material sunk towards the center of the Earth?
|
material with the highest denisty
|
What are the compositional layers of the Earth in order from the center going out?
|
core
mantle
crust
|
What are the rheological layers of the Earth in order from the center going out?
|
inner core
outer core
lower mantle
asthenosphere
lithosphere
|
What plate are we on (Flagstaff, AZ)?
|
North American Plate
|
What are naturally occurring inorganic solids with specific chemical compositions and specific structures?
|
minerals
|
Along which plate boundaries are there earthquakes?
|
divergent
convergent
transform
|
What type of rock is formed when liquid rock cools and crystallizes?
|
igneous rocks
|
This layer of the Earth is least dense
|
crust (continental)
|
Which type of rock is made from sediment that's undergone lithification?
|
sedimentary
|
Which type of rock is made from other rocks through metamorphism (heat and pressure)?
|
metamorphic
|
What is an example of a subduction zone?
|
oceanic-continental: Juan de Fuca and N.A. plate
oceanic-oceanic: subduction in Alaska, Pacific Plate and N.A. plate
|
What is an example of continental collision?
|
Himalayan Mountains
|
What is an example of a transform plate boundary?
|
San Andres Fault
|
What type of stress is associated with normal faults?
|
tension
|
What type of stress is associated with reverse faults?
|
compression
|
What is the difference between intrusive igneous rocks and extrusive igneous rocks?
|
intrusive: underground, large crystals, cool very slow
extrusive: at Earth's surface, crystals too small to see. cool very fast
|
What is the difference between detrital sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks?
|
detrital: sediment you can see
chemical: sediments you can't see, dissolved ions
|
What is the difference between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks?
|
foliated: minerals aligned
non-foliated: no prefered mineral orienation
|
What is density?
|
mass/volume
|
You are at a fault and the ground in front of you moves to the right. What type of strike-slip fault is this?
|
Right lateral
|
You are at a fault and the ground in front of you moves to the left. What type of strike-slip fault is this?
|
left lateral
|
What are the physical properties of the rheological layers from the inner core to the lithosphere?
|
inner core: solid
outer core: liquid
lower mantle: solid
asthenosphere: soft solid
lithosphere: solid
|
What is an example of a intrusive igneous rock?
|
granite
|
What is an example of a detrital sedimentary rock?
|
sandstone
|
What is an example of a foliated metamorphic rock?
|
slate
|
What is an example of a non-foliated metamorphic rock?
|
marble
|
What major cities on the northwest coast of the U.S. are at risk for megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis?
|
Seattle
Portland
Vancouver
|
On average, how many magnitude 8 (and above) earthquakes occur per year?
|
once a year
|
What is molten rock found underground?
|
magma
|
What are pieces of rock called?
|
sediment
|
What process is the breakdown of rocks?
|
weathering
|
What process converts solid rock into molten (liquid) rock?
|
melting
|
What process occurs when magma or lava cools and solidifies into individual crystals in a rock?
|
crystallization
|