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sexuality
all the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with being male or female, experiencing attraction, being in love, and being in relationships that include sexual intimacy and activity
vulva
collective term for the external female genitalia
mons pubis
fatty tissue covering the public bone in females; in physically mature women, the mons is covered with coarse hair
labia majora
"Outer Lips" or folds of tissue covering the female sexual organs
labia minora
"inner lips"or folds of tissue just inside the labia majora
clitoris
a pea-sized nodule of tissue located at the top of the labia minor centrla to sexual arousal in women
urethral opening
the opening through which urine is expelled
hymen
thin tissue covering the vaginal opening in some women
perineum
tissue that forms the "floor" of the pelvic region in both men and women
vagina
the passage in femles leadin gfrom the vulva into the uterus
uterus (womb)
hollow, pera shaped muscular organ whose function is to contain the developing fetus
endometrium
soft, spongy matter that makes the uterine lining
cervix
lower end of the uterus that open into the vagina
ovaries
almond-sized organs that house developing eggs and produce hormones
fallopian tubes
tubes that extend from near the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization and passageway for fertilized eggs.
secondary sex characteristics
Characteristics associated with sex but not directly related to reproduction such as vocal pitch, degree of body hair, and location of fat deposits
pituitary gland
the endocrine gland controlling the release of hormones from the gonads
hypothalamus
an area of the brain located near the pituitary gland; works in conjunction with the pituitary gland to control reproductive functions
estrogens
hormones secreted by the ovaries that control the menstrual cycle
progesterone
hormone secreted by the ovaries; helps the endometrium develop and helps maintain pregnancy
menarche
the first menstrual period
ovarian follicles
areas within the ovary in which individual eggs develop
graafian follicle
mature ovarian follicle that contains a fully developed ovum, or egg
ovum
a single mature egg
ovulation
the point of the menstrual cycle at which a mature egg ruptures through the ovarian wall
Corpus luteum
a body of cells that forms form the remains of the graafian follicle following ovulation; it secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle
premenstrual syndrome
Comprises the mood changes and physical symptoms that occur in some women during the 1 to 2 weeks prior to menstruation
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
collective name for a group of negative symptoms similar to but more severe than PMS including severe mood disturbances.
dysmenorrhea
condition of pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen just before or after menstruation
menopause
the permanent cessation of menstruation, generally between the ages of 40 - 60
libido
sexual drive or desire
hormone replacement therapy or menopausal hormone therapy
use of synthetic or animal estrogens and progesterone to compensate for decreases in estrogens in a woman's body during menopause
penis
male sexual organ that releases sperm into the vagina
ejaculation
the propulsion of semen from the penis
scrotum
external sac of tissue that encloses the testes
testes
Male sex organs that manufacture sperm and produce hormones
testosterone
the male sex hormone manufactured in the testes
spermatogenesis
the development of sperm
epididymis
the duct system atop the tesis where sperm mature
vas deferens
tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles
glandular ducts that secrete nutrients for the semen
semen
fluid containing sperm and nutrients that increase sperm viability and neutralize vaginal acid
ejaculatory duct
tube formed by the junction of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens that carries semen to the urethra
prostate gland
gland that secretes nutrients and neutralizing fluids into the semen
cowper's glands
glands that secrete a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acid remaining in the urethra after urination
vasocongestion
the engorgement of the genital organs with blood
sexual identity
recognition of oneself as a sexual being; a composite of biological sex characterisitics, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
intersex
general term for a variety of conditions in whicha person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female and male
gonads
the reproductive organs in a male (testes) or female (ovaries) that produce sperm (male, eggs(female), and sex hormones.
puberty
the period of sexual maturation
gender
the psychological condition of being feminine or masculine as defined by the society in which one lines
socialization
process by which a society communicates behavioral expectations to its individual members
gender roles
expressions of maleness or femaleness in everyday life
gender-role stereotypes
generalizations concerning how men and women should express themselves and the characteristics each possesses
androgny
high levels of traditional masculine and feminine traits in a single person
gender identity
personal sense or awareness of being masculine or feminine, a male or a female
transgendered
having a gender identity that does not match one's biological sex
transsexual
a person who is psychologically of one sex but physically of the other
sexual orientation
a person's enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to other persons
heterosexual
experiencing primary attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of the opposite sex
homosexual
experiencing primary attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of the same sex.
bisexual
experiencing attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of both sexes
gay
sexual orientation involving primary attraction to people of the same sex
lesbian
sexual orientation involving attraction of women to other women
sexual prejudice
negative attitudes and hostile actions directed at sexually identified social groups; also referred to as sexual bias
celibacy
state of abstaining from sexual activity
autoerotic behaviors
sexual self-stimulation
sexual fantasies
sexually arousing thoughts and dreams
masturbation
self-stimulation of genitals
erogenous zones
areas of the body that, when touched, lead to sexual arousal
cunnilingus
oral stimulation of a women's genitals
fellatio
oral stimulation of a man's genitals
vaginal intercourse
the insertion of the penis into the vagina
anal intercourse
the insertion of the penis into the anus
variant sexual behavior
a sexual behavior that is not practiced by most people
sexual dysfunction
problems associated with achieving sexual satisfaction
inhibited sexual desire
lack of sexual appetite or simply a lack of interest and pleasure in sexual activity
sexual aversion disorder
desire dysfunction characterized by sexual phobias and anxiety about sexual contact
erectile dysfunction
difficulty in achieving or maintaining penile erection sufficient for intercourse
premature ejaculation
ejaculation that occurs prior to or almost immediately following penile penetration of the vagina
female orgasmic disorder
a woman's inability to achieve orgasm
sexual performance anxiety
a condition of sexual difficulties caused by anticipating some sort of problem with the sex act
dyspareunia
pain experienced by women during intercourse
vaginismus
a state in which the vaginal muscles contract so forcefully that penetration cannot occur
pornography
visual or literary depictions of sexual activity inteded to be sexually arousing
prostitution
the practice of engaging in sexual acts for money
fertility
a person's ability to reproduce
contraception
methods of preventing conception
conception
the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm
perfect-use failure rate
the number of pregnancies per 100 users that likely to occur in the first year of use of a particular birth control method if the method is used consistently and correctly
typical-use failure rate
the number of pregnancies per 100 users that likely to occur in the first year of use of a particular birth control method if the method's use is not consistent or always correct
barrier methods
contraceptive methods that block the meeting of egg and sperm by means of a physical barrier
hormonal methods
contraceptive methods that introduce synthetic hormones into the woman's system to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical muscus, or prevent a fertilized egg form implanting
STI
infections diseases cause by pathogens transmitted through some form of intimate, usually sexual contact
male condom
a single-use sheath of thin latex or other material designed to fit over an erect penis and to catch semen upon ejaculation
spermicide
substance designed to kill sperm
female condom
a single use polyurethane sheath for internal use during vaginal or anal intercourse to catch semen on ejaculation
diaphragm
a latex, cup shaped device designed to cover the cervix and black access to the uterus should always be used with spermicide
cervical cap
a small cup made of latex or silicone that is designed to fit snugly over the entire cervix
toxic shock syndrome
a potentially life-threatening disease that occurs when specific bacterial toxins multiply and spread to the bloodstream most commonly through improper use of tampons diaphragms, or cervical caps
today sponge
a contraceptive device, made of polyurethane foam and containing nonoxynol-9 that fits over the cervix that create a barrier against sperm
oral contraceptives
pills containing synthetic hormones that prevent ovulation by regulating hormones
Ortho Evra
a patch that releases hormones similar to those in oral contraceptives; each patch is worn for 1 week
nuvaring
a soft flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones, preventing pregnancy
depo-provera
an injectable method of birth control that lasts for three months
intrauterine device
a device often T-shaped that is implanted in the uterus to prevent pregancy
emergency contraceptive pills
Drugs taken within 3 days after unprotected intercourse to prevent fertilization or implantation
withdrawal
a method of contraception that involves withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation also called coitus interruptus
a method of contraception that involves withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation also called coitus interruptus
several types of birth control that require alteration of sexual behavior rather than chemical or physical intervention in the reproductive process
sterilization
permanent fertility control achieved through surgical procedures
tubal ligation
sterilization of the woman that involves the cutting and typing off or cauterizing of the fallopian tubes
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
vasectomy
sterilization of the man that involves the cutting and tying off of both vasa deferentia
abortion
the termination of a pregnancy by expulsion or removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
suction curettage
an abortion technique that uses gentle suction to remove fetal tissue from the uterus
dialtion and evacuation
an abortion technique that uses a combination of instruments and vacuum aspiration; fetal tissue is both sucked and scraped out of the uterus
induction abortion
an abortion technique in which chemicals are injected into the uterus through the uterine wall; labor begins, and the women delivers a dead fetus
hysterotomy
the surgical removal of the fetus form the uterus
intact dilation and extraction
a late-term abortion procedure in which the body of the fetus is extracted up to the head and then the contents of the cranium are aspirated
medical abortion
the termination of a pregnancy during its first 9 weeks using hormonal medications that cause the embryo to be expelled from the uterus
preconception care
medical care received prior to becoming pregnant that helps a woman assess and address potential maternal health issues
human chorionic gonadotropin
hormone detectable in blood or urine samples of a mother within the first few weeks of pregnancy
trimester
a 3 month segment of pregnancy; used to describe specific developmental changes that occur in the embryo or fetus
embryo
the fertilized egg from conception until the end of two months development
fetus
the word for a developing baby from the third month of pregnancy until birth
placenta
the network of blood vessels connected to the umbilical cord that carries nutrients, oxygen, and wastes between the developing infant and the mother
teratogenic
causing birth defects
fetal alcohol syndrome
a collection of symptoms, including metnal retardation that appear in infants whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy
toxoplasmosis
a disease caused by an organism found in cat feces that , when contracted a pregnant woman, may result in still birth or an infant with mental retardation or birth defects
down syndrome
a genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and a variety of physical abnormalities
ultrasonography
a common prenatal test that uses high frequency sound waves to create a visual image of the fetus
chorionic villus sampling
a prenatal test that involves snipping tissue form the fetal sac to be analyzed for genetic defects
triple marker screen
a maternal blood test that can be used to help identify fetuses with certain birth defects and genetic abnormalities
amniocentesis
a medical test in which a small amount of fluid is drawn from the amniotic sac to test for down syndrome and other genetic diseases
amniotic sac
the protective pouch surrounding the fetus
cesarean section
a surgical birthing procedure in which a baby is removed through an incision made in the mother's abdominal and uterine walls
preeclmpsia
a complication in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and edema
miscarriage
loss of the fetus before it is viable; also called spontaneous abortion
Rh factor
a blood protein related to the production of antibodies; if an Rh-negative mother is pregnant with an Rh-postiive fetus, the mother may manufacture antibodies that can kill the fetus causing miscarriage
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus usually in the fallopian tube; a medical emergency that can end in death from hemorrhage or peritonitis
implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus usually in the fallopian tube; a medical emergency that can end in death from hemorrhage or peritonitis
the birth of a dead baby
postpartum depression
energy depletion, anxiety, mood swings, and depression that women may feel during the postpartum period
sudden infant death syndrome
the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age for no apparent reason
infertility
inability to conceive after a year or more of trying
endometriosis
a disorder in which uterine lining tissue establishes itself outside the uterus; the leading cause of infertility in U.S. women
Pelvic inflammatory disease
an infection that scars the fallopian tubes and consequently blocks sperm migration, causing infertility
low sperm count
a sperm count below 20 million sperm per millimeter of semen; the leading cause of infertility in men
alternative insemination
fertilization accomplished by depositing a partner's or a donor's semen into a woman's vagina via a thin tube; almost always done in a doctor's office
in vitro fertilization
fertilization of an egg in a nutrient medium and subsequent transfer back to the mothers body

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