GHTH 100 : EXAM 3
149 Cards in this Set
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sexuality
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all the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors associated with being male or female, experiencing attraction, being in love, and being in relationships that include sexual intimacy and activity
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vulva
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collective term for the external female genitalia
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mons pubis
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fatty tissue covering the public bone in females; in physically mature women, the mons is covered with coarse hair
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labia majora
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"Outer Lips" or folds of tissue covering the female sexual organs
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labia minora
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"inner lips"or folds of tissue just inside the labia majora
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clitoris
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a pea-sized nodule of tissue located at the top of the labia minor centrla to sexual arousal in women
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urethral opening
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the opening through which urine is expelled
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hymen
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thin tissue covering the vaginal opening in some women
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perineum
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tissue that forms the "floor" of the pelvic region in both men and women
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vagina
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the passage in femles leadin gfrom the vulva into the uterus
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uterus (womb)
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hollow, pera shaped muscular organ whose function is to contain the developing fetus
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endometrium
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soft, spongy matter that makes the uterine lining
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cervix
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lower end of the uterus that open into the vagina
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ovaries
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almond-sized organs that house developing eggs and produce hormones
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fallopian tubes
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tubes that extend from near the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization and passageway for fertilized eggs.
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secondary sex characteristics
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Characteristics associated with sex but not directly related to reproduction such as vocal pitch, degree of body hair, and location of fat deposits
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pituitary gland
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the endocrine gland controlling the release of hormones from the gonads
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hypothalamus
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an area of the brain located near the pituitary gland; works in conjunction with the pituitary gland to control reproductive functions
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estrogens
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hormones secreted by the ovaries that control the menstrual cycle
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progesterone
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hormone secreted by the ovaries; helps the endometrium develop and helps maintain pregnancy
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menarche
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the first menstrual period
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ovarian follicles
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areas within the ovary in which individual eggs develop
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graafian follicle
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mature ovarian follicle that contains a fully developed ovum, or egg
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ovum
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a single mature egg
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ovulation
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the point of the menstrual cycle at which a mature egg ruptures through the ovarian wall
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Corpus luteum
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a body of cells that forms form the remains of the graafian follicle following ovulation; it secretes estrogen and progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle
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premenstrual syndrome
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Comprises the mood changes and physical symptoms that occur in some women during the 1 to 2 weeks prior to menstruation
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premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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collective name for a group of negative symptoms similar to but more severe than PMS including severe mood disturbances.
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dysmenorrhea
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condition of pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen just before or after menstruation
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menopause
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the permanent cessation of menstruation, generally between the ages of 40 - 60
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libido
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sexual drive or desire
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hormone replacement therapy or menopausal hormone therapy
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use of synthetic or animal estrogens and progesterone to compensate for decreases in estrogens in a woman's body during menopause
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penis
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male sexual organ that releases sperm into the vagina
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ejaculation
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the propulsion of semen from the penis
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scrotum
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external sac of tissue that encloses the testes
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testes
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Male sex organs that manufacture sperm and produce hormones
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testosterone
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the male sex hormone manufactured in the testes
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spermatogenesis
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the development of sperm
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epididymis
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the duct system atop the tesis where sperm mature
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vas deferens
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tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
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seminal vesicles
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glandular ducts that secrete nutrients for the semen
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semen
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fluid containing sperm and nutrients that increase sperm viability and neutralize vaginal acid
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ejaculatory duct
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tube formed by the junction of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens that carries semen to the urethra
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prostate gland
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gland that secretes nutrients and neutralizing fluids into the semen
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cowper's glands
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glands that secrete a fluid that lubricates the urethra and neutralizes any acid remaining in the urethra after urination
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vasocongestion
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the engorgement of the genital organs with blood
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sexual identity
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recognition of oneself as a sexual being; a composite of biological sex characterisitics, gender identity, gender roles, and sexual orientation.
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intersex
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general term for a variety of conditions in whicha person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female and male
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gonads
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the reproductive organs in a male (testes) or female (ovaries) that produce sperm (male, eggs(female), and sex hormones.
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puberty
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the period of sexual maturation
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gender
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the psychological condition of being feminine or masculine as defined by the society in which one lines
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socialization
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process by which a society communicates behavioral expectations to its individual members
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gender roles
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expressions of maleness or femaleness in everyday life
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gender-role stereotypes
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generalizations concerning how men and women should express themselves and the characteristics each possesses
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androgny
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high levels of traditional masculine and feminine traits in a single person
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gender identity
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personal sense or awareness of being masculine or feminine, a male or a female
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transgendered
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having a gender identity that does not match one's biological sex
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transsexual
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a person who is psychologically of one sex but physically of the other
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sexual orientation
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a person's enduring emotional, romantic, sexual, or affectionate attraction to other persons
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heterosexual
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experiencing primary attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of the opposite sex
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homosexual
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experiencing primary attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of the same sex.
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bisexual
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experiencing attraction to and preference for sexual activity with people of both sexes
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gay
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sexual orientation involving primary attraction to people of the same sex
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lesbian
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sexual orientation involving attraction of women to other women
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sexual prejudice
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negative attitudes and hostile actions directed at sexually identified social groups; also referred to as sexual bias
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celibacy
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state of abstaining from sexual activity
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autoerotic behaviors
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sexual self-stimulation
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sexual fantasies
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sexually arousing thoughts and dreams
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masturbation
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self-stimulation of genitals
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erogenous zones
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areas of the body that, when touched, lead to sexual arousal
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cunnilingus
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oral stimulation of a women's genitals
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fellatio
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oral stimulation of a man's genitals
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vaginal intercourse
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the insertion of the penis into the vagina
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anal intercourse
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the insertion of the penis into the anus
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variant sexual behavior
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a sexual behavior that is not practiced by most people
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sexual dysfunction
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problems associated with achieving sexual satisfaction
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inhibited sexual desire
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lack of sexual appetite or simply a lack of interest and pleasure in sexual activity
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sexual aversion disorder
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desire dysfunction characterized by sexual phobias and anxiety about sexual contact
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erectile dysfunction
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difficulty in achieving or maintaining penile erection sufficient for intercourse
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premature ejaculation
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ejaculation that occurs prior to or almost immediately following penile penetration of the vagina
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female orgasmic disorder
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a woman's inability to achieve orgasm
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sexual performance anxiety
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a condition of sexual difficulties caused by anticipating some sort of problem with the sex act
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dyspareunia
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pain experienced by women during intercourse
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vaginismus
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a state in which the vaginal muscles contract so forcefully that penetration cannot occur
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pornography
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visual or literary depictions of sexual activity inteded to be sexually arousing
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prostitution
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the practice of engaging in sexual acts for money
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fertility
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a person's ability to reproduce
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contraception
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methods of preventing conception
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conception
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the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm
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perfect-use failure rate
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the number of pregnancies per 100 users that likely to occur in the first year of use of a particular birth control method if the method is used consistently and correctly
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typical-use failure rate
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the number of pregnancies per 100 users that likely to occur in the first year of use of a particular birth control method if the method's use is not consistent or always correct
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barrier methods
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contraceptive methods that block the meeting of egg and sperm by means of a physical barrier
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hormonal methods
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contraceptive methods that introduce synthetic hormones into the woman's system to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical muscus, or prevent a fertilized egg form implanting
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STI
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infections diseases cause by pathogens transmitted through some form of intimate, usually sexual contact
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male condom
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a single-use sheath of thin latex or other material designed to fit over an erect penis and to catch semen upon ejaculation
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spermicide
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substance designed to kill sperm
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female condom
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a single use polyurethane sheath for internal use during vaginal or anal intercourse to catch semen on ejaculation
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diaphragm
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a latex, cup shaped device designed to cover the cervix and black access to the uterus should always be used with spermicide
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cervical cap
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a small cup made of latex or silicone that is designed to fit snugly over the entire cervix
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toxic shock syndrome
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a potentially life-threatening disease that occurs when specific bacterial toxins multiply and spread to the bloodstream most commonly through improper use of tampons diaphragms, or cervical caps
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today sponge
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a contraceptive device, made of polyurethane foam and containing nonoxynol-9 that fits over the cervix that create a barrier against sperm
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oral contraceptives
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pills containing synthetic hormones that prevent ovulation by regulating hormones
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Ortho Evra
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a patch that releases hormones similar to those in oral contraceptives; each patch is worn for 1 week
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nuvaring
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a soft flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones, preventing pregnancy
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depo-provera
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an injectable method of birth control that lasts for three months
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intrauterine device
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a device often T-shaped that is implanted in the uterus to prevent pregancy
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emergency contraceptive pills
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Drugs taken within 3 days after unprotected intercourse to prevent fertilization or implantation
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withdrawal
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a method of contraception that involves withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation also called coitus interruptus
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a method of contraception that involves withdrawing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation also called coitus interruptus
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several types of birth control that require alteration of sexual behavior rather than chemical or physical intervention in the reproductive process
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sterilization
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permanent fertility control achieved through surgical procedures
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tubal ligation
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sterilization of the woman that involves the cutting and typing off or cauterizing of the fallopian tubes
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hysterectomy
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surgical removal of the uterus
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vasectomy
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sterilization of the man that involves the cutting and tying off of both vasa deferentia
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abortion
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the termination of a pregnancy by expulsion or removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
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suction curettage
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an abortion technique that uses gentle suction to remove fetal tissue from the uterus
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dialtion and evacuation
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an abortion technique that uses a combination of instruments and vacuum aspiration; fetal tissue is both sucked and scraped out of the uterus
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induction abortion
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an abortion technique in which chemicals are injected into the uterus through the uterine wall; labor begins, and the women delivers a dead fetus
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hysterotomy
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the surgical removal of the fetus form the uterus
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intact dilation and extraction
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a late-term abortion procedure in which the body of the fetus is extracted up to the head and then the contents of the cranium are aspirated
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medical abortion
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the termination of a pregnancy during its first 9 weeks using hormonal medications that cause the embryo to be expelled from the uterus
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preconception care
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medical care received prior to becoming pregnant that helps a woman assess and address potential maternal health issues
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human chorionic gonadotropin
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hormone detectable in blood or urine samples of a mother within the first few weeks of pregnancy
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trimester
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a 3 month segment of pregnancy; used to describe specific developmental changes that occur in the embryo or fetus
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embryo
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the fertilized egg from conception until the end of two months development
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fetus
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the word for a developing baby from the third month of pregnancy until birth
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placenta
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the network of blood vessels connected to the umbilical cord that carries nutrients, oxygen, and wastes between the developing infant and the mother
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teratogenic
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causing birth defects
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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a collection of symptoms, including metnal retardation that appear in infants whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy
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toxoplasmosis
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a disease caused by an organism found in cat feces that , when contracted a pregnant woman, may result in still birth or an infant with mental retardation or birth defects
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down syndrome
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a genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and a variety of physical abnormalities
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ultrasonography
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a common prenatal test that uses high frequency sound waves to create a visual image of the fetus
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chorionic villus sampling
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a prenatal test that involves snipping tissue form the fetal sac to be analyzed for genetic defects
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triple marker screen
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a maternal blood test that can be used to help identify fetuses with certain birth defects and genetic abnormalities
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amniocentesis
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a medical test in which a small amount of fluid is drawn from the amniotic sac to test for down syndrome and other genetic diseases
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amniotic sac
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the protective pouch surrounding the fetus
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cesarean section
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a surgical birthing procedure in which a baby is removed through an incision made in the mother's abdominal and uterine walls
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preeclmpsia
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a complication in pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and edema
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miscarriage
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loss of the fetus before it is viable; also called spontaneous abortion
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Rh factor
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a blood protein related to the production of antibodies; if an Rh-negative mother is pregnant with an Rh-postiive fetus, the mother may manufacture antibodies that can kill the fetus causing miscarriage
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ectopic pregnancy
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implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus usually in the fallopian tube; a medical emergency that can end in death from hemorrhage or peritonitis
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implantation of a fertilized egg outside the uterus usually in the fallopian tube; a medical emergency that can end in death from hemorrhage or peritonitis
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the birth of a dead baby
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postpartum depression
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energy depletion, anxiety, mood swings, and depression that women may feel during the postpartum period
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sudden infant death syndrome
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the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age for no apparent reason
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infertility
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inability to conceive after a year or more of trying
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endometriosis
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a disorder in which uterine lining tissue establishes itself outside the uterus; the leading cause of infertility in U.S. women
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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an infection that scars the fallopian tubes and consequently blocks sperm migration, causing infertility
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low sperm count
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a sperm count below 20 million sperm per millimeter of semen; the leading cause of infertility in men
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alternative insemination
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fertilization accomplished by depositing a partner's or a donor's semen into a woman's vagina via a thin tube; almost always done in a doctor's office
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in vitro fertilization
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fertilization of an egg in a nutrient medium and subsequent transfer back to the mothers body
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