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GHTH 100 : EXAM 1
health |
overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness or injury |
8 dimensions of wellness |
physical, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, spiritual, environmental, financial, occupational |
wellness |
expands on good health to living a rich, meaningful, energetic life |
physical |
(dimension of wellness) body's overall condition, absence of disease, fitness level |
emotional |
(dimension of wellness) trust, self-confidence, optimism, satisfying relationships, self-esteem |
intellectual |
(dimension of wellness) constantly challenged/active mind |
interpersonal |
(dimension of wellness) satisfying/supportive relationships, capacity for intimacy |
spiritual |
(dimension of wellness) possess set of guiding values that give meaning to life |
environmental |
(dimension of wellness) livability of surroundings |
financial |
(dimension of wellness)living within your means and managing your money |
occupational |
(dimension of wellness) happiness and fulfillment through work |
factors that influence wellness |
heredity/family history, age, sex, gender, education, home/work environment, access to good health care, public policy, health habits |
morbidity |
relative incidence of disease among a population |
mortality |
the number of deaths in a population in a given period of time |
health literacy |
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions and services needed to prevent or treat illness |
risk factor |
any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury |
infectious disease |
a disease that can spread from person to person, caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses |
chronic disease |
a disease that develops and continues over a long period of time |
public health |
focus on the health of populations over that of an individual |
community health |
aims to improve the health of people within a defined community |
lifestyle choice |
a conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person's risk of injury |
life expectancy |
the period of time a member of a given population is expected to live |
impaired life |
the period of a person's life when they may not be able to function fully due to disease or disability |
sex |
the biological and physiological characteristics hat define men and women |
gender |
the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women |
self-efficacy |
the belief in one's ability to take action and perform a specific task |
locus of control |
the figurative "place" a person designate as the source of responsibility for the events in his/her life (internal and external) |
social support |
the perception and actuality that one is cared for, has assistance available from other people, and that one is part of a supportive social network |
relapse |
a deterioration in someone's state of health after a temporary improvement
|
top 5 causes of death (college) |
1. accidents
2. homicide
3. suicide
4. cancer
5. heart disease |
top 5 causes of death (all ages) |
1. heart disease
2. cancer
3. chronic lower respiratory diseases
4. stroke
5. accidents |
Healthy People 2020 objectives |
1. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of all groups
3. Create social and political environments that promote good health for all
4. Promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life |
top 3 contributing risk factors |
1. Tobacco
2. Obesity
3. Alcohol |
Stages of Change |
1. Precontemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance
6. Termination |
SMART goals |
S→ Specific
M→ Measurable
A→ Attainable
R→ Realistic
T→ Time-frame specific |
National Institute of Health |
NIH |
center for disease control |
CDC |
US department of agriculture |
USDA |
environmental protection agency |
EPA |
food and drug administration |
FDA |
stress |
situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions, and the reactions themselves |
stressor |
physical/psychological event tat triggers the physical/emotional reactions |
stress response |
reaction to stressor |
two systems responsible for stress response |
nervous system and endocrine system |
parasympathetic division |
in control when you are relaxed |
sympathetic division |
activated during times of arousal |
norepinephrine |
(neurotransmitter) stress response, anxiety |
serotonin |
(neurotransmitter) mood disorders, anger, concentration, sleep |
dopamine |
addiction, control of movement, information flow, schizophrenia |
GABA |
mood modulation |
flight-or-flight reaction |
a defense reaction that prepares a person for conflict or escape by triggering hormonal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and other other changes |
homeostasis |
a state of stability and consistency in an individual's physiological functioning |
type A |
(personality type) ultra competitive, controlling, impatient, aggressive, hostile, higher perceived stress, more extreme reactions to stress |
type B |
(personality type) relaxed, contemplative, less frustrated by daily events, more tolerant of the behaviors of others
|
type C |
(personality type) anger suppression, difficulty expressing emotions, feelings of hopelessness and despair, exaggerated reaction to minor stressors |
General Adaptation Syndrome |
a pattern of stress responses consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
distress |
stress resulting from an unpleasant stressor |
eustress |
stress resulting from a pleasant stressor |
allostatic load |
long-term negative impact of the stress response in the body |
psychoneuroimmunology |
the study of reactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems |
acute stress disorder |
stress immediately following a stressor; may only last minutes or may turn into chronic stress |
PTSD |
after suffering a severe trauma, characterized by nightmares, flashbacks, and a diminished capacity to experience/express emotions |
sleep deprivation |
a lack of sleep over a period of time |
severe sleep deprivation |
chronic sleep deprivation |
sleep debt |
difference between the amount of sleep you should get and how much sleep you actually get |
circadian rhythm |
a daily rhythmic activity cycle, based on 24-hour period and influenced by regular variations in the environment, such as the alternation of night and day |
melatonin |
hormone that increases relaxation and sleepiness
|
non-rapid eye movement |
NREM |
rapid eye movement |
REM |
insomnia |
a sleep problem involving the inability to fall/stay asleep |
sleep apnea |
the interruption of normal breathing during sleep |
narcolepsy |
falling asleep at random times |
restless leg syndrome |
a disorder characterized by an unpleasant ticking or twitching sensation in the muscles when sitting or lying down |
parasomnia |
sleep walking disorders, nocturnal eating |
spirituality |
connection to self, significant others, community at large |
psychological health |
mental health, defined negatively as the absence of illness or positively as the presence of wellness |
Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
1. Self actualization 2. self esteem 3. love and belonging 4. safety and security 5. physiological needs |
realism |
knowing the difference between what is wanted and what is needed |
self-concept |
the ideas, feelings and perceptions a person has about himself |
self-esteem |
satisfaction and confidence in oneself |
autonomy |
independence; the sense of being self-directed |
authenticity |
not bing afraid to be oneself |
capacity for intimacy |
ability to share thoughts and feelings without fear of rejection |
creativity |
looking at the world with renewed appreciation |
emotional intelligence |
the capacity to identify and manage your emotions and that of others |
positive psychology |
psychological health as the presence of wellness |
projection |
(dm) reacting to unacceptable inner impulses as if they were from outside the self |
repression |
(dm) expelling from awareness an unpleasant feeling, idea or memory |
denial |
(dm)refusing to acknowledge to yourself what you really know to be true |
displacement |
(dm)shifting your feelings about a person to another person |
dissociation |
(dm) falling into a state of altered consciousness to avoid emotional distress |
rationalization |
(dm) giving a false, unacceptable reason when the real one is unacceptable |
passive-aggressive behavior |
(dm) expressing hostility toward someone by being covertly uncooperative or passive |
substitution |
replacing an unacceptable or unobtainable goal with an acceptable one |
humor |
finding something funny in unpleasant situations |
mental disorder |
pattern of behavior associated with distress, disability, or significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, loss of freedom |
national institute for mental health |
NIMH |
multifactorial |
multiple causes of mental illness |
diagnostic and statistical manual |
DSM |
50% |
percentage of Americans who experience clinical depression |
40 million |
number of americans with an anxiety disorder |
specific phobia |
(ad) a persistent fear of a specific object, activity, or situation |
social phobia |
social phobia (ad) an excessive fear of being observed by others |
panic disorder |
(ad) a syndrome of sever anxiety attacks accompanied by physical symptoms |
generalized anxiety disorder |
(ad) characterized by uncontrollable worry about routine matters and future threats |
obsessive-compulsive disorder |
(ad) characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thought and the performing of senseless rituals |
mood disorder |
an emotional disturbance that is intense and persistent enough to affect normal function; depressive and affective |
major depressive disorder |
(md) characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms |
mania |
(md) characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem and expansiveness |
bipolar disorder |
(md) characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania |
manic depression |
old name for bipolar disorder |
psychiatrist |
(psych professional) medical degree, residency, prescribe medication |
psychiatric nurse practioner |
(psych professional) specialty within nursing, prescribe medication |
psychologist |
(psych professional) psychotherapy, treats patients without medication |
clinical social worker |
(psych professional) counseling |
self-inflicted injury |
self-inflicted injury intentional injury to own body but not fatal |