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Public Health
Efforts made bu communities to cope with health problems arising from people living in groups... the need to control transmission of disease, maintain a sanitary environment, provide safe water and food, and sustain people with disabilities and low income populations
Morbidity
the incidence of prevalence of a disease or diseases in a population ("illness")
Mortality
The incidence of death in a population ("death")
Incidence
How many new cases of a disease or illness happen in a given time period
Prevalence
How many current cases of a disaster or illness exist at any given point
Pioneer of Disease Mapping
John Snow London-1854
Elizabethan Poor Laws (& 4 groups)
1601- Recognition of government's (parish's) responsibility toward the needy For impotent poor, Able-bodied poor, Idle poor, Pauper Children
17th Century-William Petty & John Grant
First collection, analysis of national data on industrial production, demographics; epidemiological tools, social factors in health and disease
18th Century- Sir Percivall Pott
Founder of modern epidemiology, linked occupational exposure to scrotal cancer among chimney sweeps.
Lemuel Shattuck
1850- statistician conducted US sanitary surveys of morbidity, mortality rates related environmental conditions; advocated city, state, responsibility Led to creation of New York City Board of Health
Late 1700's (US)
Marine Hospitals
1870 (US)
Marine Hospital service reorganized as national hospital system; medical officer entitled "Surgeon General"; commercial interests placed Marine Hospital in Treasury Dept.
1912 (US)
Marine Hospital Service became US public health service
1935 (US)
Social Security act Title VI: jurisdictions to create public health agencies and services
1953 (US)
Public Health Service joined new Dept. of Education and Welfare
1970 (US)
Dept of Education and Welfare renamed Dept. of Health and Human Services
Under what branch of Gov. is the Dept. of Health and Human Services
The Executive Branch
Dept. of Health and Human Services
Largest federal grant making agency; 11 operating divisions (NIH, FDA, CDC, ect.)
Veterans Administration
First established for disabled, indigent civil war under Dept. of defense; Now one of the worlds largest delivery system
Tricare
Health Insurance coverage for active duty and retired military and their families; pays for services rendered by PRIVATE healthcare providers.
Healthy People 2000
published by Human health services in 1990, list of national health promotion and disease prevention (90% of population should be served by local health dept to carry out core public health functions) FAILURE- by 2000 less than 85% goals met, less than 78% in 2010
Healthy People 2020
10 year national goals and obj by human health services (42 topic areas; 600 obj.)
Divergent Attention
Private Med is for the individual, Public Health is for the population They are both CONTINUOUS relationships
Relationship of Physicians and Public Health Workers
Physicians view public health workers as "unable to cut it in real world of private medicine" MDs are drawn to clinical med due to prestige and pay
What Percent of Federal Resources are Allocated to Public Health
less than 1%, Resources favor curative medicine (US fascination w/ dramatic, high tech medicine)
"Public Health is the neglected step child of the US Healthcare System"
Health Affairs (2006)
(In terms of an aging America) The traditional, physiologic medical model is effective in managing chronic illness, it does not...
adress challenges of the activities of daily living common to the elder person
Hebrews origin PH
Spiritual cleanliness and community responsiblities
Greek origin PH
Personal hygine to acheive mind body balance
Roman origin PH
Water system, sewage disposal, infirmaries for sick and poor were first public hospital
Renaissance
Rebirth of art and science, production and world trade demanded healthy laborers/ soldiers; centralized gov public health measures
Medieval
overpopulated, filthy walled towns spawned epidemics, superstitious, and demonic theologies of disease
New York Poor Laws
1788- influenced by british model, established almhouses

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