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HIST 100: FINAL EXAM
Guilds |
Lead to the development of universities
|
Reconquista |
Series of struggles over the control of Spain, booted Muslims out of Spain |
What were some inventions during the Reconquista? |
Magnetic compass, eye glasses, spinning wheel
|
Chivalry |
Code of knighthood |
Gothic |
Germanic and French artistic movement through architecture |
What's the difference between Classical and Gothic art? |
Classical: smooth, columns
Gothic: Stain glass, big, religious
|
What is the significance of the Magna Carta? |
The first time law is not arbitrary, and power is bounded by law
|
What are the 4 causes of the plague? |
God
Astronomical
Earthquake
Jews |
Joan of Arc |
French heroine, Lead French resistance to drive out England, Turns the tides for the French |
What are the four ways to cure the plague? |
God (beat yourself)
Jews (High Hygiene)
Earthquake (Pocket full of posies) (flowers)
Astrology (stars) |
Flagellant Movement |
Cure to the plague; whip yourself b/c you have the plague to have God understand your pain, gets rid of the plague
|
Pogroms |
Believed Jews poisoned the wells with the plague, Jews become scapegoat
|
What is the significance of the Great Schism |
Two or three popes "Counsel of Pisa", Break in the Catholic Church
|
Who wrote "The Prince"? |
Niccolo Machiavelli |
What was "The Prince" about? |
Tretious during Renaissance, Taught kings how to act in modern state during renaissance |
Studia Humanitatis |
Study of Humanities, grammar, history, poetry, University dominates scholasticism |
Name one Artist in the Renaissance? And name one of his famous pieces. |
Leonardo Da Vinci. The Last Supper
|
What was the significance of the Printing Press? |
Make books cheaper and allowed more access to them
Knowledge and Spelling were standardized |
What were some reasons why People explored to the New World? |
Money and power
Religion
Middle man trade between Europe/Asia/Africa |
Treaty of Tordesillas |
Split of land between Portuguese and Spain |
Triangular Trade |
Exchange of plants, animals and slaves from new world to old world (vise versa)
|
Middle Passage |
The trade of slaves from Africa to New World (America)
|
Caravel |
Type of ship used to transport slaves to New world, very harsh conditions for slaves |
(Colombian Exchange) What are 3 things that came from the new world to the old world? |
Tobacco, chili, potato |
What are 3 things that came from the old world to the new world? |
Chicken poxs, bananas, cows |
What's the significance of the Protestant Reformation? |
Several sections of Christianity emerged
|
95 Theses |
Martin Luther: explains why the practices in the church were corrupt, meant to be an academic discussion, criticized the practice of pluralism |
What was the significance of the "95 Theses"? |
It made the church irrelevant, broke the Catholic Church, Translation of the bible to (German) |
Luther and the catholic church saw differently on the idea of faith? Describe how they differed. |
Catholic Church: truth of God is beyond doubt
Luther: Truth of God is not beyond doubt, trust in God's grace |
What are the differences between John Calvin and Martin Luther? |
Calvin: Christ spiritual in-bodied; predestination
Luther: Transubstantiation(believe the Christ is present) is wrong |
Predestination |
God chose people to survive |
What were the major changes in the Catholic Church? |
Sola Fide: justification by faith alone
Sola Scritura: all knowledge is necessary for salvation |
What are grievances found in 95 theses? |
Indulgences, Sacraments |
What was the legacy of Islam? |
Invented number 0, decimals, quadratic equation |
What was the significance of Christopher Columbus? |
Led to long history of native American conquest, disease, and slave labor
|
The Incas discovered what? |
Romans South America
|
Cortez discovered what? |
Aztecs |
Why were the Jews persecuted during the Dark ages? |
Weren't killed by plague because they had better hygiene , thought that they poisoned everyone else
|
Why was Joan of Arc executed? |
Because she cross dressed |
How did the Mongolians succeed in war? How did they fail? |
Succeed: War technology
Fail: successor died and mongolian army had to go back to emperor to elect new empire
|
Who was the 100 years between? How long did it last? |
French/England (116 years) |
What was the purpose of the Hundred Years War? |
England King wanted French throne, nothing end up happening |
Who were the first Europeans to discover the new world? |
The Vikings |
What was the significance of the Crusades? |
Only war sanctioned by pope in western history |
What was the crusades about? |
Christians attempt to win back holy land from Muslim control |
Who came up with the idea of Heliocentric model? |
Copernicus |
Who sought out elliptical orbits? |
Keppler |
Who used the telescope to confirm Heliocentric model? |
Galileo |
Who invented classical mechanics, laws of motion? |
Newton
|
Humanism is what? |
Development of human potential, value individual |
Classicism is what? |
Rebirth of classics ideas, (art) |
Modern statecraft is what? |
Countries as you think of them today
|
What did Luther not believe in, and was not in the bible? |
Confession |
What is conciliarism? |
Counsel of church officials elects a pope for catholic church
|
Feudalism did what to Europe cities? |
Decentralized; 3 sections
|
What are the 3 levels in Feudalism? |
Lords: Land owners
Vassals: mutual contract
Fiefs: Inherit Land
|
Most holy building in Muslim religion? |
Ka'ba |
Who was the first person to venture into the Atlantic Ocean, for Portuguese expansion? |
Henry the Navigator |
How was the reformation of the Catholic Church made possible? |
The Printing Press
|