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BIOL 1100: Practice Exam
Double membrane-bound organelle that contains genetic information encoded on chromosomes
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Nucleus, Chloroplast(genomes from photosynthesis), Mitochondria(genomes from ATP/Protein)
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Provides structural support and protection for plant cells
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Cell Wall
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A complex of RNA and protein that is the site of proteins synthesis(translation)
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Membrane Associated Ribosome
Free Ribosome
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Network of membranes containing enzymes responsible for synthesizing lipids and breaking down toxins.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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A common second messenger in cell-cell signaling
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Cyclic AMP (cAMP) messenger after the hormone which is insoluble and unable to get through the membrane.
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Organelle that contains membranes called cristae, it is responsible for producing
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most of the cell's ATP
Mitochondria
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9+2 structure of microtubules in cilia and flagella
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Axoneme (made of microtubules and moves through dynein)
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Proteins are targeted to specific locations in the endomembrane system using these as addresses
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Vesicles, Signal Sequencing, Carbohydrate tag to fit specific receptor
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Digests food items or autodigests damaged organelles through acid hydrolysis.
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Lysosomes
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Stacks of flattened membranes called cisternae, in which proteins are modified (for example, glycosylated) after they are synthesized.
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Golgi Apparatus (glycosylated: adding carbohydrate groups)
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This occurs during transduction in cell-cell signaling and amplifies the strength of the metabolic response to the cell's reception of a hormone.
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Phosphorylation Cascade (Kinase sends a phosphate to molecule)
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Site of reactions that fix inorganic carbon (CO2) onto organic compounds using the
energy from light.
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Chloroplast
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Structural support for the cell, it is made up of microtubules, microfilaments and
intermediate filaments.
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Cytoskeleton
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Localized region in the nucleus where ribosomal genes are expressed and
ribosomes are partially assembled.
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nucleolus
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Binds to a cytosolic receptor, and usually results in a major change in the long-term
development or function the cell
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Lipid Soluble Hormone, Steroids
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A protein that uses ATP to move ions against their concentration gradients
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Active Transport/Sodium-Potassium Pump
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Microtubules
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Major Protein: Tubulin
Motor Proteins: Dynein and Kinesin(vesicle transportation)
Functions: Maintain cell shape (resist compression), movement via cilia and flagella
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Microfilaments
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Major Protein: Actin
Motor Proteins: Myosin
Functions: Move organelles, maintain cell shape (resist tension)
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Intermediate Filaments
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Major Protein: Keratins, Nuclear Lamins
Motor Protein: N/A
Functions: Anchor nucleus, Maintain cell shape (resists tension)
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Virchow
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All cells come from pre-existing cells
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Schleiden
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Plants are made up of 1 or more cells
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Schwann
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Animals are made up of 1 or more cells
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Transduction
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1. Amplification through phosphorylation cascade
2. Regulate
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Functional Groups
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Phosphate
Carboxyl Group (carboxylic acid)
Amino Groups
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Glut-1
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Moving glucose through cell through facilitated diffusion
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