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NR 150: EXAM 1
A galaxy is: |
a huge rotating aggregation of stars, gas and other debris held together by gravity |
True or False?
Scientific hypotheses are never revised or updated. |
False |
The primary physical property that sorts the Earth, ocean, and atmosphere is: |
Density stratification |
The hypothesis that best explains how the universe was formed is called: |
Big Bang Theory |
The inner core of the Earth is primarily made of: |
Iron |
Volcanic venting of substances including water vapor is called: |
Outgassing |
Who is responsible for the 1st accurate measurement of the circumference of the Earth? |
Eratosthenes of Cyrene |
Where is the today's "zero-longitude" line? |
Greenwich |
True or False?
Longitudinal lines run parallel to the equator. |
False |
The first scientific expedition to use an echo sounder was: |
The Meteor Expedition |
Who showed that the Arctic ocean is not a landmass? |
Nanson |
Who was responsible for the theory of the continental drift? |
Alfred Wegener |
If P and S waves were to travel at the same constant speeds, what could be inferred about the Earth's interior? |
The interior is homogeneous |
True or False?
Mountains are supported by the mechanical strength present in the asthenosphere due to the presence of heavy elements such as iron and magnesium. |
False |
Which of the seismic waves are generally the most destructive to property? |
Surface waves |
If I moved the South American continent and the African continent together (shortest possible distance), which ocean would I have to remove? |
Atlantic ocean |
About what percent of Earth's water is found in the Ocean? |
97.5% |
The most abundant form of matter in the universe appears to be: |
Hydrogen |
A galaxy is a huge rotating aggregation of stars, dust, gas and other debris held together by: |
Gravity |
Based on evidence that supports the hypothesis regarding an ocean on Mars, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Mars has an ocean today
B) Mars has an ocean, and it's probably hidden in vast caverns beneath the surface of the planet
C) Mars may have had an ocean in ancient times
D) The Curiosity mission has found no evidence of the existence of past water on Mars |
C) Mars may have had an ocean in ancient times |
True or False?
Captain Cook was the first scientist to drift in the ice pack of the Arctic. |
False |
True or False?
Humanity did not spread to all the inhabitable areas of Earth until after the European voyages of discovery in the late 1400s and early 1500s. |
False |
True or False?
Latitude is a measurement that uses the prime meridian (Greenwich, England) as a reference point for determining the exact location of a specific point on Earth.
|
False |
True or False?
The oceanic crust is made of granite. |
False |
A boundary in which crustal plates move past one another is called a: |
Transform fault |
True or False?
A hotspot is a plume of magma rising from a stationary source near the core-mantle boundary |
True |
Active continental margins are located: |
On the west coasts of both North and South America |
All of the following statements are true concerning subduction zones EXCEPT :
A) they are belts of deep-focus earthquakes
B) they are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart.
C) they are marked by the presence of deep-sea trenches.
D) they are zones where old seafloor descends into the crust and mantle. |
B) they are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart. |
An example of a fishing technique that is particularly disruptive is : |
Drift nets |
As early as the 1700's scientists and explorers noticed a remarkable coincidence of the shape of the Atlantic coasts of Africa and which other continent? |
South America |
At an ocean to ocean plate boundary, which plate will be subducted? |
The older plate, because it is usually cooler. |
Captain James Cook accomplished all of these tasks except:
A) first European to contact the Hawaiian Islands
B) first to circumvent the world near Antarctica
C) first European to explore the South Pacific
D) mapped the coasts of Australia and New Zealand |
C) first European to explore the South Pacific
|
About what fraction of the crude oil used by humans is derived from the seabed.
|
1/3 |
True or False?
Drift nets were developed in response to demands that fishing nets take only target species, and that fishing should be more environmentally sensitive. |
False |
True or False?
During the European Age of Discovery, Henry the Navigator was the first to recognize that Earth was spherical.
|
False |
Earlier that 200 million years ago, the continents were joined into one super-continent called: |
Pangaea |
Earthquakes provided evidence that the outer core is liquid, because: |
P and S waves have different shadow zones. One wave can penetrate liquids, the other cannot. |
Edwin Hubble did all the following EXCEPT:
A) changed our understanding of the universe.
B) confirmed the existence of other galaxies.
C) launched the Hubble telescope.
D) showed that the universe is expanding.
|
C) launched the Hubble telescope. |
Fridtjof Nansen did all of the following EXCEPT:
A) proved that no Arctic continent exists.
B) added to our understanding of ice drift, meteorological, and oceanic conditions of the Arctic Ocean.
C) reached the North Pole.
D) purposely had his boat frozen into ice.
|
C) reached the North Pole. |
Glomar Challenger is known mainly for: |
Taking the first complete cores of deep-sea sediments |
True or False?
Gravity was important in the formation of our planet because it pulled dense materials such as iron and nickel inward, forming the Earth's core. |
True |
True or False?
Humanity did not spread to all the inhabitable areas of Earth until after the European voyages of discovery in the late 1400s and early 1500s. |
False |
Life on Earth probably evolved in the ocean. All of the following evidence supports this statement EXCEPT:
A) the cellular makeup of all living organisms depends on a saline solution to dissolve and transport chemicals.
B) biosynthesis cannot occur without high concentrations of free oxygen, similar to the condition of Earth's early atmosphere and ocean.
C) the basic molecules of life (simple sugars and amino acids) form spontaneously in a solution similar to that of Earth's early ocean.
D) |
B) biosynthesis cannot occur without high concentrations of free oxygen, similar to the condition of Earth's early atmosphere and ocean. |
True or False?
Magnetite is a magnetic mineral found in basalt and its orientation provided evidence for plate tectonics. |
True |
Marine energetic resources include all the following, EXCEPT:
A) wind power
B) harnessing the power from currents and waves
C) oil and petroleum
D) harnessing the power from tidal waves
|
C) oil and petroleum |
True or False?
Physical resources result from the deposition, precipitation, or accumulation of useful substances in the ocean or on the seabed. |
True |
Polynesian navigators depended on all of the following unique strategies for accurate navigation EXCEPT:
A) The direction and characteristics of waves
B) navigational charts made with bamboo and shells
C) the positions of the stars
D) the chronometer |
D) the chronometer |
Roughly how fast do most lithospheric plates move? |
About 5 centimeters per year |
Second to petroleum and gas, the most profitable physical resource recovered from the marine environment is: |
Sand and gravel |
True or False?
The Earth is density stratified. |
True |
The Hawaiian islands formed as they passed over a hot spot in the middle of the: |
Pacific Plate |
True or False?
The Mariana Trench is the deepest feature on Earth. |
True |
True or False?
The Mid-Atlantic spreading ridge is above ground on Iceland.
|
True |
The fastest growing renewable energy source is: |
Wind power |
The hot, partially melted, slowly flowing layer of the Earth is called the: |
Asthenosphere |
The leading edge of a moving continental crustal plate is most likely to exhibit features associated with: |
1) Frequent earthquake activity
2) Active continental margins
3) Widespread volcanism |
The magnetic striping of the seafloor is considered evidence of seafloor spreading, because (as this image shows): |
The Earth's magnetic field periodically has been reversing its polarity. |
The ocean: |
Is the dominant feature of the earth. |
The outermost solid layer of the Earth that comprises both continental and oceanic crust is called the: |
Lithosphere |
The theory of continental drift was correctly explained because of all the following, EXCEPT:
A) continents fit together.
B) mountain ranges on different continents match. C) fossils of the same species.
D) the crust and mountains are supported by mechanical scaffolding. |
D) the crust and mountains are supported by mechanical scaffolding. |
The youngest seafloor rocks are found: |
Near the mid-ocean ridges. |
True or False?
There are two types of plate divergences; divergent oceanic crust and divergent continental crust. |
True |
True or False?
Though desalination is a theoretically attractive method for obtaining fresh water from seawater, no large commercial facilities for desalination exist. |
False |
True or False?
Transform plate boundaries are not involved in the creation or destruction of crust, rather the plates just move past one another. |
True |
True or False?
Trenches and island arcs are found at spreading centers. |
False |
What do these things have in common : Paleomagnetism, seafloor spreading, Pangaea, Wadati-Benioff zones,transform zones,fracture zones, seamount chains, Pacific hotspots. |
They are involved in plate tectonics. |
Which of the following lists represents the main components of the Earth's continental crust?
A) Oxygen, uranium, thorium
B) Oxygen, silicon, uranium
C) Oxygen, silicon, aluminum
D) Iron, aluminum, carbon |
C) Oxygen, silicon, aluminum |
Which of the following has the highest density?
A) Seawater
B) Granite rock
C) Basaltic rock
D) Mantle |
D) Mantle |
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding latitude and longitude?
A) Longitude lines are drawn parallel to the equator while latitude lines are drawn from pole to pole.
B) Latitude and longitude is a system of imaginary lines dividing the Earth's surface into a grid.
C) Distance between lines of longitude varies with latitude while the lines of latitude are always equidistant.
D) Zero latitude is the main equator and zero longitude is Greenwich, England or the prime meridian. |
A) Longitude lines are drawn parallel to the equator while latitude lines are drawn from pole to pole. |
Which of the following statements is FALSE, concerning bycatch?
A) Bycatch are targeted species.
B) Bycatch sometimes greatly exceeds the target catch.
C) Sea turtles are an example of bycatch.
D) Bottom trawling is one of the methods that results in a lot of bycatch. |
A) Bycatch are targeted species.
|
Which plate is subducted when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate?
A) Oceanic Plate
B) Continental Plate |
Oceanic Plate |