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RELG 102: Exam 3
Abraham
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Righteous leader in his time, father of Isaac and Ishmael
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Adhan
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literally meaning "to listen, to hear, to be informed about" this is the Islamic call to worship
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Al-Aqsa
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Third holiest site in Islam. Located on the site of the Temple Mount (holiest site in Judaism), this is the place where the Muslims believe Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in to Mecca, during the Night Journey.
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Ayat
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Verses of the Qur'an. These make up the Sura.
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Burka
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Full body cloak worn by some Muslim women, is required sometimes by the Islamic religion.
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Chador
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Large piece of cloth that is wrapped around the head and upper body leaving only the face exposed, worn especially by Muslim women. Sometimes required by the Islamic religion
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Dhikr
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name of devotional acts in Islam in which short phrases or prayers are repeatedly recited silently within the heart or aloud.
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Dome of the Rock
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shrine located on the Temple Mount. "Foundation Stone" is at the heart of the temple.
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Hadith
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"traditions" -sayings/actions of Muhammad. Degrees of reliability: "sound", "good", "weak". Six collections are "canonical"; two within those are primary. Comparative to Gospels of New Testament
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Hagar
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Handmaid to Sarah (Abraham's wife). Had a child with Abraham. The child was Ishmael.
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Hajj
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Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in every Muslims life if they are physically and financially capable. One of the Five Pillars of Islam
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Hijab
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Form of veiling that covers the hair and part of the chest, often worn by Muslim women beyond the age of puberty, in the presence of adult males outside of their immediate family as a form of modest attire.
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Hijra
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Migration or journey of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina.
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Hilya
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literally means "ornament". Deals with the physical description of Muhammad
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Ihram
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Sacred state a Muslim must enter in order to perform the major pilgrimage (Hajj) or the minor pilgrimage (Umrah).
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Iman
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the faith itself (separate from Islam sort of)
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Isaac
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Son of Sarah and Abraham, preached message of god after Abraham's death. His lineage would produce Jesus.
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Ishmael
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Son of Hagar and Abraham, preached message of god after Abraham's death. His lineage would produce Muhammad.
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Islam
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self surrender (to God)
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Jihad
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struggle, (in order of importance) 1. Personal: against evil, to cleanse soul. 2. Verbal: demanding justice. 3. Physical: response to oppression.
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Ka'ba
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Holiest place in Islam. A large cube monument at the center of Islam's most sacred mosque in Mecca.
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Mecca
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Holy city in Islam. Located in Saudi Arabia. Birthplace of Muhammad and site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Qur'an.
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Medina
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Muhammad's destination after leaving Mecca.
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Mihrab
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marks the qiblah (direction of prayer)
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Muezzin
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Person appointed at a mosque to lead, and recite, the call to prayer for every prayer event and worship in the mosque.
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Night of Power
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The night when the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to Muhammad. Thought to take place sometime in the last ten days of Ramadan.
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Orthodoxy
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Sunni Islam is often viewed as Orthodox Islam. Professes practice over faith
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Orthopraxis
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professes faith over practice
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Qiblah
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direction of prayer
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Quran
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Holy book of Islam. Comprised of verses revealed to the prophet Muhammad.
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Ramadan
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9th month in the Islamic calendar. Observed as a month of fasting. One of the Five Pillars of Islam.
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Salat
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practice of ritualistic prayer. Performed five times a day and is preceded by ritual ablution.
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Sawm
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regulated fasting in the Islamic faith. Means to abstain from eating and drinking during the daylight hours. Not confined to Ramadan, but must be observed during Ramadan.
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Shahadah
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declaration of faith: "There is no God but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God." One of the Five pillars of Islam.
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Sharia
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moral code and religious law of Islamic religion.
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Shi'a
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follow Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, who they believe carried on Muhammad's legacy.
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Shirk
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sin of practicing polytheism. Also limits what can be shown through visual imagery. Certain pictures are prohibited under shirk, such as pictures of Muhammad.
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Sufi
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practice purely based on the tenets of Islam and the teachings of Muhammad.
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Sunna
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the traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community. Along with the Qur'an and Hadith, it is a major source of Sharia Law (Islamic Law).
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Sunni
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Sometimes referred to as the Orthodox Islam.
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Sura
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name of any given chapter of the Qur'an. (Like chapter is to book, Sura is to Qur'an). 114 Suras, each divided into verses.
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Tajwid
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rules governing the pronunciation during recitation of the Qur'an. Is a religious duty when reading the Qur'an.
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Taqwa
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Islamic term for "fear of God". It is described as an ideal ethical value of Islam.
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Tawhid
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absolute oneness of God; unity
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Umma
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community of Muslims
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Yathrib
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The ancient Arabic name for Medina.
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Zakat
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obligatory alms-giving in Islam. Based not on income but value of one's total possessions. Mandatory for all Muslims. One of the Five Pillars of Islam.
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