149 Cards in this Set
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absolutist
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believing one's received traditions as completely and exclusively true
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agnosticism
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belief that if there's anything beyond this life, it is impossible for humans to know it
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allegory
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narrative using symbols to convey abstract ideas
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atheism
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belief that there is no deity
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awakening
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full awareness of invisible reality
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charisma
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magnetic attraction, a quality often ascribed to spiritual leaders
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comparative religion
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a discipline that attempts to compare and understand patterns found in different religious traditions
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creationism
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belief that all life was created by God
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dogma
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doctrines proclaimed as absolutely true by religious institutions
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enlightenment
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wisdom that is thought to come from direct experience of Ultimate Reality
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exclusivism
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belief that ones own tradition is the only true religion and that others are invalid
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fundamentalism
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insistence on what is perceived as the historical form of one's religion
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gnosis
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intuitive knowledge of spiritual realities
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immanent
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present in the visible world
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incarnation
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physical embodiment of the divine
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intelligent design
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theory that scientific discoveries prove the existence of an all encompassing Designer, since they reveal complexities that seem to be beyond chance or evolutionary process
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liberal
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taking a flexible, nondogmatic approach
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metaphysics
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philosophy based on theories of subtle realities that transcend the physical world
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monotheism
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belief that there is only one deity
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mysticism
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the intuitive perception of spiritual truths beyond the limits of reason
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myth
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a symbolic story expressing ideas about reality or spiritual history
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orthodox
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strictly standing by received traditions
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phenomenology
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study of religious practices to comprehend their meaning for their practitioners
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polytheism
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belief that there are many deities
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profane
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worldly, secular, as opposed to scared
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realization
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personal awareness of the existence of Unseen Reality
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redaction
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editing and organization of a religion's scriptures
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religion
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a particular response to dimensions of life considered sacred, as shaped by institutionalized traditions
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ritual
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repeated, patterned religious act
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sacred
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the realm of the extraordinary, beyond everyday perceptions, the supernatural, holy
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scientific materialism
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belief that only the material world exists and that the supernatural is only imagined by humans
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secularism
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personal disregard of religion; government policy of not favoring one religion
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spirituality
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any personal response to dimensions of life that are considered sacred
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symbol
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visual representation of an invisible reality or concept
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theism
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belief in a deity or deities
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transcendent
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spiritual reality that exists apart from the material universe
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universalism
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acceptance that truth may be found in all religions
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asana
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yogic posture
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ashram
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a usually ascetic spiritual community of followers gathered around their gurus
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atman
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the individual soul
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avatar
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the incarnation of a deity
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bhakti
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intense devotion to a personal manifestation of supreme reality
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brhaman
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the supreme reality
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brahmin
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priest or member of the priestly caste
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caste
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an occupational category
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chakra
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a subtle energy center in the body
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darshan
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visual contact with the divine
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deva
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a deity
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dharma
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moral order, righteousness, religion
order. According to Hindus, there's an order to the universe
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guru
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spiritual teacher
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kali yuga
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the present degraded era
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karma
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our actions and their effects on this life and lives to come
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mantra
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a sound or phrase changed to evoke sound vibration of one aspect of creation or to praise a deity
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moksha
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liberation
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prana
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the invisible life force
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puja
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ritual worship
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reincarnation
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after death, rebirth in a new life
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rishi
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a sage
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shaivite
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worshipper of shiva
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shakta
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worshiper of the divine in female form
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samsara
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the worldly cycle of birth, death, and rebirth
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sannyasin
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renunciate spiritual seeker
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sanskrit
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the ancient language of the vedas
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secularism
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the constitutional principle of not giving favored status to any religion
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sutra
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terse spiritual teaching
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tantra
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a sacred esoteric text with spiritual practices honoring the divine in female form
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christianity is not true, but it functions in society to have a purpose. Religion is false, but the way society uses it is important
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the philosophical part of the vedas
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vaishnavite
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worshiper of vishnu or one of his manifestations, such as krishna
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vedas
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revered ancient scriptures
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yoga
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practices for union with the true self
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anekantwad
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the Jain principle of manifold aspects of the truth
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aparigraha
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non acquisitiveness, a major Jain principle
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Jina
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a fully perfected human
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jiva
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the soul
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karma - Jain
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subtle particles that accumulate on the soul as a result of one's thoughts and actions
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samsara - Jain
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the continual round of birth, death, and rebirth
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Tirthankaras
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the great enlightened teachers in Jainism, of who Mahavira was the last in the present cosmic cycle
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Zeno's Paradox
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he was a priestocratic Greek philosopher. He said you'll never get back to the beginning of time; you'll keep getting halfway and cutting the time in half
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atoms
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smallest unit of truths
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religere
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to pay careful attention to some activitiy
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religare
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to tie something tightly
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Functionalism
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Christianity is not true, but it functions in society to have a purpose. Religion is false, but the way society uses it is important
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Karl Marx
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most famous atheist. "religion is the opiate of the masses." It's meant to pacify and stop you. it's not true, but it functions and creates a social hierarchy. it is the sigh of the oppressed; an illusion
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Emile Durkheim
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sociology; atheist; Religion isn't true but functions to do good.
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Sigmund Freud
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psychology; we as homosapiens are ready to grow up and evolve. Religions aren't true, just function to make us feel better. It's man made. Who and what we are today is a product of evolution.
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Phenomenology
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epoche and Einfuhlung
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Reductionism
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religion isn't true, but we can reduce it to a single thing and then make a judgement on it
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Epoche
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bracket or to put in parentheses. put your own personal beliefs aside
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Einfuhlong
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learn to empathize with the other
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Rudolph Otto
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Das Heileg (The Holy) - no matter how much we know, there are moments in life in which we experience things and events that can't adequately be explained
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Mysterium Tremendum Fascinans
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mysterious, tremendous, fascinating
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anuminous
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something more
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Insiders
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emic
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Outsiders
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etic
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Emmanuel Levinas
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the other; the other represents mystery. religion is product of love and sex. religion is the desire to know the other
to study religion is to study what another person/culture thinks is the other
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Clifford Geertz
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"Man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun. I take culture to be those webs."
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agnostic
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make claim that there is no right/wrong, true/false, and if there is, we don't have a way of knowing
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nihilism
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if we can't come to a truth or claim; existential angst
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Max Weber & Meaning Theory
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we're trying to figure out which culture/religion attributes meaning. Nothing is true; things mean things to different people in different places in different ways
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Santana Dharma
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the eternal order of things
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santana
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eternal. there is no beginning to these religious of the east, they are eternal. there's also no end, no final judgement, no resting place. You've never been born and you'll never die; you're immortal
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Chaos/Cosmos
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disorder/order in Greek Philosophy
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Nirvana
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when we finally see the order to the world. Goal of Hinduism.
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Veda
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hymn or song of praise. They are to understand the songs or hymns about the different gods/goddesses. they aren't philosophy. Just assume the gods are real and praise them
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Perusha
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the "Cosmic Man". story of ongoing eternal creation
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yuga
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cycle of time
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Sacrifice of Perusha
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at the beginning, everything was one, whole and unified. It gained a sense of consciousness and realized it was alone. He sacrifices himself so that you may be. He rips his head off his shoulders, dismembers himself.
Metaphor of going from wholeness to multiplicity, parts, things. Big b…
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Genesis
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in the beginning, God made things in his image
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Om
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name of God = World. Everything is speaking the name of God. Vibration, residence, sound.
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Atman
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thing; self (I, me, ego); a part or manifestation of Brahman
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Brahman
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the concept of wholeness, unity, oneness
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Dharma
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order
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Karma
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action
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Samsara
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rebirth; reincarnation; wheel of space and time; cyclical relationship b/w all action. not a physical place, it's in your mind. Moksha is an escape from the mental process
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Maya
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delusion or illusion holding us back from goal
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Moksha
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goal/salvation; escape from Samsara
to experience brahman and overcome understanding of atman
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330 million
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gods in hindu; every single thing in the universe
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Vedas
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first set of texts that are praises about the gods
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Upanishads
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second set of texts that ask philosophic questions about who the gods are. take info about Perusha, and work it into a philosophical doctrine. Interpreting the Vedas
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Hinduism
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combination of Atman and Brahman
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Heaven in Hinduism
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experiencing oneness; Hell is experiencing the diff. things
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Muni
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"silent one". group of people who left society in order to interpret the gods. say society is that which is separating us from God
wrote and created the Upanishads
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Midrash
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interpret in Hebrew
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Idjihad
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interpret in Arabic
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Law Code of Manu
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thousands of years after the Upanishads; rewrites the story of Perusha and says he created dharama: order as well as social dharma: caste system. His body parts were metaphors for certain caste systems. Dharma is now defined as a caste position and duty. It's your job to act according to …
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Varna
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your color. How society was set up before law code. you contributed to society by doing whatever it is you did best. Everyone was still considered sacred.
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Brahmin Class
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head of perusha
priests, which become top of hierarchy (academics)
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Kshatriyas
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Arms represent kings and queens/warriors/aristocracy
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Vaishyas
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skilled laborers
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Sudras
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unskilled "blue-collar" workers
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Untouchables
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5th caste which came form feet. Gandhi called them the children of God (Harijan)
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yoga
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path
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Jhana Yoga
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"knowledge" path. path out of samsara only by studying. Only people who can achieve it are priests who are already at the top of the hierarchy. You have to be born as a man, in the right caste, in order to go to school, read, and gain knowledge
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4 Stages of Life
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only possible for young boys born into royalty. They'll apprentince themselves and get a job.
1. Apprentice - study and learn
2. Householder - man will get married, have kids, work
3. Forest Dweller - you'll leave home and dwell in the forest
4. Sannyasi - he/she/they who's overcome …
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Bhagavad Gita
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Song of God.
either diff. option to or response to Law code of Manu
sound of entire universe; claims to be god speaking; song of God throughout the universe.
Chapter of Maha Bharata: discussion between prince Arjuna and an avatar, Krishna. Arjuna was best warrior in the world and knew…
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Maha Bharata
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story of fight over land over the dice game played between brothers and a cousin. Largest story. Gita is one chapter
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Avatar
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manifestation of god on earth. The ability of human beings to experience God on earth.
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Krishna
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avatar that talked to Arjuna; manifestation of Shiva the destroyer
Krishna is singing the universe into being. the music that comes out of his flute are Om, or the sounds of everything in the universe.
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Hierophany
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when a human being experiences God
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Karma Yoga
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yoga of action in which you lose yourself in a particular action. any yoga that leads you to an experience of no self
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Bhakti Yoga
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path of devotion/love. Pick one of the gods/goddesses and devote yourself to them.
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Raja Yoga
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yoga of psychophysical exercise. Sitting with crossed legs and counting certain things. Just listen. In US, 90% of non-Indian Hindus practice this
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Exoteric
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open; we all have access to it
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Esoteric
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secretive, hidden
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Prince Arjuna
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the prince that Krishna spoke to before the battle.
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sects
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diff. branches of hinduism
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Shaktas
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worship a power/essence they call Shakti. She's the feminine power of the universe. all male gods are impetent without Shakti; they need her to act
the idea of power/energy in a feminine form
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Shekina
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feminine version of God
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Durga
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all arms represent her great reach; she's a savior figure. It's her job to fight your battles. She has a sword - Prajna
Out of her frustration, she creates Kali
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RELG 102: Exam 1