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POLS 210: Exam 2
Pre-req's for being a judge in the us
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-no one goes to school to be judge in us
-competence
-accountable
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3 state-court judicial selection options
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(methods vary by states)
appointment
non partisan election
partisan election
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appointment
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deciding body appoints judges when needed
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judicial elections (state)
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most states elect at least some portion of their bench
-some states have mixed systems
-partisan and nonpartisan electoral systems
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merit selection plans
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-committee compiles list of qualified candidates
-appointing actor selects judge
-judges must face retention elections
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Judicial selection-federal req's
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-no formal requirements
-Informal:
-professional competence
-political qualifications
-self-selective desire for the job
-Article 2, section 2
-appointing by president
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Article III Courts
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-Supreme Court
-US Courts of Appeals
-US District Courts
-first, vacancy
-finding nominee
-confirmation
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Finding Nominee
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-interest groups (ABA)
-Justice Dept.
-FBI
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Selecting Nominee
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-state senator's from president's party will recommend individuals
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Federal Judicial Selection (president's role)
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-President settles on a nominee & sends them to the Senate Judiciary Committee
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Mildred Lillie
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-California judge that Nixon seriously considered for Supreme Court in 1971
-The ABA had found Judge Lillie to be unqualified to serve as a Supreme Court justice
-because of gender?
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What is required to be a judge
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-no formal req's
-Informal: professional competence, policial qualifications, self-selective desire for the job
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How are judges removed
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-Impeachment &
-bringing of charges
-begins in house of rep, where they vote on articles
-articles prosecuted in Senate
-may be convicted
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Lawyer's work
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-Negotiator
-Drafter
-Counselor
-Litigator
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Litigator
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-we're most familiar w this
-increasingly rare
-expensive
-legislative changes
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Negotiator
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-most important function
-Explaining the past, dealing with the present, Planning for the future (Sarat & Felstiner)
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Drafter
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-proactive exercise that is trying to prevent a negative outcome for the client
-wills, mortgages, trusts, etc.
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Counselor
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-mostly proactive
-Providing advice before something happens
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Other ways to remove judges (aside from impeachment)
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-Recall elections
-petition circulation
-commission systems
-responsible for oversight, prosecuting, convicting, etc.
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How is schooling for a judge different in Europe and Japan?
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-law school is an undergrad degree there
-here, law school is a grad program and does not school you to be a judge
-the ABA and one's first job prepare them for judging
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what happened in the 50s and 60s to change the bar and make more diverse?
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-the bar became harder
-kept the #s of lawyers down
-kept minorities & women out
-barriers began to change
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Bates v. Arizona Bar
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two AZ attorneys challenged a state disciplinary rule that prohibited lawyers from advertising their services in any mass medium.
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Sarat & Felstiner
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-divorce lawyers that conducted research and found that negotiating is the main role of a lawyer's job and litigating is the slightest role
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