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WFSC 403: FINAL EXAM
nx |
number of individuals for an age class
|
lx |
percent of individuals surviving from first generation/ birth |
bx |
age specific birth rate |
dx |
number of individuals who will die in that age class
|
qx |
per capita mortality rate for generation x to x+1 |
ex |
expectation of further life for individuals alive at the start of that generation |
λ |
finite rate of increase |
why is a life table "age structure directly observed" |
information gathered was from one point in time across different age classes to form a static life table
|
What assumptions are made to construct a life table? |
age specific birth and death rates are constant and population size is constant
|
If life table assumptions are not satisfied which values are incorrect? |
all of them |
R0 |
net reproductive rate per generation
|
R0 in words |
the average number of offspring produced by the average female during her lifetime |
How to calculate R0 |
sum of lx bx's |
G |
mean length of a generation |
G in words |
the length of time between the birth of a female and average DOB of her offspring
|
How to calculate G |
sum of xlxbx's/ R0 |
Assumptions made to calculate R0 and G |
birth and death rates remain constant and no limit is placed on population growth |
R0 < 1 |
population decreasing, downward exponential curve |
R0 > 1
|
population increasing, upward exponential curve |
Semelparity |
one reproduction event |
Iteroparity |
multiple reproduction events |
Circumstances that lead to big bang reproduction |
the environment is constant and the offspring is very likely to survive to sexual maturity
|
Circumstances that lead to repeated reproduction |
the environment is unstable and the offspring have a lower chance of surviving to sexual maturity |
What is the rationale supporting the evolution of semelparity or iteroparity? |
A reproductive strategy is developed to deal with the certainty or uncertainty of reproductive success due to the survival of the offspring due to the environment in which the organism lives
|
Ecology is related to the sciences of |
physiology, genetics, behavior, and evolution |
The three types of dispersion are |
uniform, random, and aggregated
|
Three main types of survivorship curves |
I, II, and III |
Type 1 survivorship curve characteristics |
live full physiological life |
Type 2 survivorship curve characteristics |
Constant mortality rate throughout life
|
Type 3 survivorship curve characteristics |
high mortality rate in young |
Which frame from powers of 10 is most accurate and why? |
10^7, it shows all of earth which is all interconnected |
A leslie matrix is |
A population projection model and represents an age structured population
|
dH/dt |
the population size of the prey over time |
dP/dt |
the population size of the predator over time |
C |
the predation rate for prey populations under predation
|
K2 |
The ability of a predator to turn prey into more predators |
K3 |
the predator mortality rate adjustment in the absence of prey
|
What outcomes can result from the predation equations? |
stable predator prey oscillations, divergent oscillations, convergent oscillations, stable equilibrium with no oscillations |
2 assumptions for predation equations |
the predator and the prey are in the same environment at the same time and there are no outside influences
|
competition coefficients |
alpha and beta |