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CHEM 333: Exam 2
Fatty acids, Triacylglycerols, Wax esters, Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, Isoprenoids
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Name the Six Classes of Lipids
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Monocarboxylic acids that contain hydrocarbon chains
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What is a fatty acid?
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TAGs and membrane bound lipids
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In what two places can you find fatty acids?
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even, unbranched
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Most naturally occurring fatty acids have a(n) ____ number of carbons that form a(n) ____________ chain.
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Only single C-C bonds
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What is a saturated fatty acid?
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One or more double bonds
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What is an unsaturated fatty acid?
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Mainly found in CIS conformation, cannot pack tightly together, lower melting point, liquid at room temp, susceptible to oxidation
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Describe five characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids.
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Prostaglandins, muscle contraction
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Name a type of eicosanoid and a role they play.
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Esters of glycerols with fatty acid molecules
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What are triacylglycerols (TAGs)?
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Covalent bonds (no charge, considered neutral fats)
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How are TAGs joined?
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Fats: solid at room temp (many sat. fatty acids)
Oils: liquide at room temp (many unsat. fatty acids)
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What are the two names TAGs are referred to as? Describe.
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Storage and insulation
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Name two functions of TAGs.
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Hydrophobic (coalesce into droplets), need only 1/8 the volume as glycogen bc they are anhydrous, more reduced which lets them release more energy when degraded.
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Give three reasons why TAG is better at storing energy than glycogen.
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Complex mixtures of non polar lipids
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What are waxes?
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Long chain f.a. and alcohols. Beeswax.
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What are wax esters?
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Structural component of membranes, emulsifiers and surfactants
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Name two functions of phospholipids.
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Polar head group (phosphate), hydrophobic tail (fatty acid chains)
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Describe the structure of phospholipids.
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Phosphatidic acid. Precursor for all other phosphoglycerides.
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What is the simplest phosphoglyceride? What is it's purpose?
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Attach proteins to external surface of plasma membranes via amide linkage.
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What is the function of GPI anchors?
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Four fused rings
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Structure of steroids.
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Cell membrane component, precursor of steroid hormones and bile salts.
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Describe cholesterol (it is a steroid).
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Phospholipids form a bilayer.
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Structure of membranes?
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Number of unsaturated fatty acids.
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What determines membrane fluidity?
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Stability, but has incomplete penetration and a flexible tail.
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What does cholesterol contribute to the membrane?
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Lateral
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What type of diffusion is responsible for many functions in membranes?
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non-specific, energy independent
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Scramblase is ___-_____ and ______ _______.
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Flippase (OUT to IN), Floppase, Scramblase
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Name the three enzymes involved in transverse diffusion.
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Each side of the bilayer is different.
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Describe the membranes asymmetry.
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Integral: embeddedÂ
Peripheral: bound by non covalent forces
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Name the two types of proteins found in the membrane.
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Simple, facilitated. Move with the concentration gradient.
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Name two types of passive transport.
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