59 Cards in this Set
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Sociology
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Scientific study of:
society
social behavior
human groups
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Scientific
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knowlegde obtained by methods of systematic observation
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Social behavior
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attitudes
emotions
health
decision
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Sociological imagination
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awareness of the relationship b/w individual and wider society; today and past
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Human Groups
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sex
race
social class
age
sexuality
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Natural science
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study of physical features of nature and how interact and change
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Social sciences
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study of various aspects of human society
sociology
anthropology
economics
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Scientific method
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using objective systematic observation to test theories
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positivism
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idea that one can apply scientific method to social world
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Independent variable
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causes or influence another
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Major research design
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detailed or method for obtaining data scientifically
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Quantitative
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measuring by quantity of something rathe than quality
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Dependent variable
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depends on the influence of independent variable
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hypothesis
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statement about relationship b/w 2 or more variable or factors
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qualitative
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measuring by quality of something rather than its quantity
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validity
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quality of being logically or factually sound.
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sample
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small part of quantity intended to show what the whole is like.
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reliablity
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degree to watch assessment tool produces stable and consistent results
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culture
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system of meaning, behavior and objects that defines way of life for given group
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society
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group of ppl who share culture and territory.
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Social logical perspective
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ability to see societal patterns that influence individual and group life
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Cultural relativism
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ability to respect other cultures even when they're different
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ethnocentrism
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we view our culture as superior to other
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Trouble
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privately felt problems that spring from events in personal life
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issues
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affect large amount of ppl
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What is theory
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statements that seek to explain problems or behaviors
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Scientific theory
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capable of predicting future observation or & testable through experiments
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The big 4 in sociology
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karl marx
max weber
emile durkheim
w.e.b. du bois
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father of sociology
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Auguste comete
coined the word sociology
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Herbert spencer
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combined darwins origin of species to society
how societies change over time
survival of fittest
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Anna julia cooper
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feminist
mother of black feminism
education of blacks would improve standings of US blacks
4th woman to get phD
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Max weber
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person defined by hierarchies
class
status
power
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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1st black to graduate harvard with PhD
no correlation b/w blacks and disease but poverty and disease
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Functionalism
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society is held together by consensus b/w members
each aspect of society is independent(school,family,health)
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Emile Durkheim
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father of functionalism
social change
critiques
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Social change
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society slowly gradually for equilibrium when disorganization
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Critiques
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social stability ignores both conflict and power
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Conflict perspective
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society characterized by conflict
classes, gender, race
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Karl Marx
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father of conflict theory
interest in class struggle
bourgeoise and proleteriat
conflict necessary
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Interactionism
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face to face interaction are core of society
symbolic interaction = flags, wedding band
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Subculture
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part of society that shares values that differ from larger society
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Countercultura
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subculture that purposely goes against larger culture.
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Socialization process
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ppl learn expectations and norms from society
funnel of everything around us
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Charles h cooley
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looking glass self
self image is product of social interactions w/ others
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George h mead
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stages of self
Preparatory
play
game
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Preparatory stage
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kids imitate ppl around them
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play stage
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kids develop communicating skills through symbols and role taking
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game stage
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kids, 8 or 9, do several task and relationships simultaneously.
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goffman
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presentation of self
impression management
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impression management
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learn to slant presentation of self to create distinctive appearance for others
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peter berge
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"not only do ppl live in society, society lives in ppl"
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diffusion
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process which cultural item spreads from group to group
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Durkheim view on deviance
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he's functionalist
affirms cultural norms & boundaries
heightens group solidarity
encourages social change
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Labelling theory
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Howard Becker
most ppl commit criminal acts but labeling makes them think of themselves as criminals
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Differential association
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edwin sutherland
crime is learned by hanging around other criminals
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Victimless crime
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willing exchanged among adults of widely desired but illegal. (drugs, underage drinking)
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Professional crime
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person who pursues crime as day to day occupation. (cons, thieves)
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Organized crime
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work of group that regulates relations b/w various criminal enterprises involved in various illegal actives (smuggling)
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White collar
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illegal acts committed in course of business activities (computer crimes, embezzlement)
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Study Guide: Exam 1