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BIOL 101: Exam 1
L-dopa is used to treat
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Parkinson's disease
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Organic phosphate functional group
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contributes a negative charge
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Amine functional group
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acts as a base
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Thiol functional group
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forms disulfide bonds
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Aldehyde or carbonyl functional group
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may be a structural isomer of a ketone
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Carboxylic acid functional group
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acts as a acid
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Hydroxyl (alcohol) functional group
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is highly polar and may act as a weak acid
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Natural selection
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A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits
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Selective pressure
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any phenomena which alters the behavior and fitness of living organisms within a given environment
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Three domains of life
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domain eukarya, domain bacteria, and domain archaea
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Eukaryotes
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cells with membrane enclosed nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles
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Prokaryotes
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cells without membrane enclosed nuclei or organelles
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The term _________describes both Archaea and Bacteria
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prokaryotes
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Emergent properties
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new properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases.
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Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
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inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
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Which of the following is the scientific theory that explains why there are similarities and differences between species?
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Evolution
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Which of the following is not true about scientific theories?
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They can never be disproven or changed
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About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
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carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
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Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16. What is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom?
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approximately 16 Daltons
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One mole of oxygen atoms would weigh what?
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approximately 16 grams
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What is the maximum number of electrons in a single 2 pz orbital of an atom?
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2
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Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt when compounds are put into water?
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covalent bond
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Compared with 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has
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one more neutron
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The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because
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the electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus
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Which of the following statements about the electrons in Mg is true?
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The electrons in the 1s orbital have a lower potential energy than electrons in the 2p orbitals
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Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with
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compounds that have polar covalent bonds
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Why does evaporation of water from a surface cause cooling of the surface?
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The water molecules with the most heat energy evaporate more readily
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Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
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nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
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What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentration of 10-10 M?
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pH 6
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An acid is a substance that will
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increase the concentration of hydrogen ions
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Functional groups characteristic of alcohols
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Hydroxyl
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Functional group that helps to stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules
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Sulfhydryl
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Functional group most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base
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Amino
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Bacteria and Archaea
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Bacteria and Archaea
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Cells are
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the lowest level of organization that can perform all the activities of life
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Life requires energy transfer and transformation. An example of this is what?
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Respiration
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In what way are elements in the same column of the periodic table similar? They have the same number of _____.
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electrons in their valence shells when neutral
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Bonds between two atoms that are equally electronegative are _____.
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nonpolar covalent bonds
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Can the atomic mass of an element vary?
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Yes. Adding or losing neutrons will change the atomic mass without forming a different element.
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Which type of bond must be broken for water to vaporize?
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hydrogen bonds
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Why is carbon so important in biology?
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It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.
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Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that _____.
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are mirror images of each other
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