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DANC 101: Exam 2
The Beginning of Modern Dance in America
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It evolved in the late 1800's and early 1900's as a direct revolt against restrictions of ballet
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Mary Wigman
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One of the most notable figures of German modern dance
Linked the way art was being expressed during this time period
Was a student of Rudolf von Laban
Known as one of Hitler's Dancers
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Dresden Central School
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Dance school opened by Mary Wigman in 1920 which operated under Nazi rule
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Mary Wigman's famous solo
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The Witch Dance
Incorporated very sharp and tense movements
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Isadora Duncan
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Wore Grecian tunics and danced barefoot
Was inspired by natural movement and developed a technique that used basic movements such as running, swaying, and skipping
Known as one of Hitler's Dancers
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Isadora Duncan
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She died dramatically when she was strangled to death by her scarf in a Bugatti sports car convertible
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Expressionist dance
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Refers to an expression of reality that's distorted in shape and color.
For example: an artist offers her own interpretation of nature instead of copying it
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Rudolf Von Laban
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Laid the foundation for Laban Movement Analysis or "Labanotation"
Alleged ties to Nazi ideology
Known as one of Hitler's Dancers
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Labanotation
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A preservation method of documenting dance for future generations; it is a system of dance notation
The Nine Point System: Numbers 1-9, Basement, First Floor, and Attic
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Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn
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Leading dancers in Isadora Duncan's company
Based on the principals of teaching the total dancer (body, mind, and spirit)
Married and formed the Denishawn School and Company
Both performed on the Vaudeville Circuit
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Ruth St. Denis
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Created works on her perceptions of Egyptian, Greek, and Asian cultures
Her interpretations were not accurate but were entertaining for American audiences.
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Vaudeville
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A type of entertainment popular in the United states and Canada in the early 1920's featuring a mixture of short specialty acts such as signers, dancers, theatrical acts, jugglers, minstrel shows, and animal acts.
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Jacob's Pillow
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Formed by Ted Shawn
A weekend event where you can watch dances all day and in different settings
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Martha Graham, Charles Weidman, and Doris Humphrey
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Three Major Dancers that came from the Denishawn School and Company
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Martha Graham
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Developed the "contraction" and "releasing" technique through the center of the body
Founded the Martha Graham Dance Company
She choreographed work about American themes as well as political, psychological, and sexually themed works.
Danced until age 76
Died in 1991 after battles with depression, alcoholism, and a suicide attempt
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Martha Graham's husband
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Eric Hawkins
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Martha Graham's most popular works
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Appalachian Spring, Errand into the Maze, Lamentation, Cave of the Heart, and Diversion of Angels
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Charles Weidman and Doris Humphrey
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Two students from the Denishawn School and Company who developed the technique of "fall and recovery"
Humphrey's interest: ensemble works
Weidman's interests: comedy in dance and observations of society
Doris Humphrey wrote a awful book on choreography
Charles Weidman continued to create dances, perform, and teach
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Post Modern Dance
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Developed as a reaction to constraints of modern dance
Pedestrian movements
Primary focus was movement not storyline
Abstract Dance was prominent
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Abstract Dance
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plot less work composed of pure dance movement although composition may suggest a mood or subject
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Merce Cunningham
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An abstract choreographer
His philosophy: "movement for movement sake"
Explored "Chance and Indeterminacy" which allowed for greater movement spontaneity
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Alwin Nikolais
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Didn't feel the "self" always had to be the main focus on stage
Dancers wore costumes to resemble objects, rather than humans
Created masks without faces for dancers
Critics said he was dehumanizing the dancers
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Murray Louis
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Leading dancer in The Nikolais Dance Theater for 20 years
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The Judson Dance Theater
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The Judson Church in NY
Performed on rooftops, in lofts, warehouses, streets, Comprised of visual artists, writers, musicians, and dancers
Collaboration with different artists gave the subject a new perspective
Improvisation was a large part of the creative process
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Dance Improvisation
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Creating movement on the spot or spontaneously. It is done to free the body up of habitual movement patterns
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Happenings
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Multi-disciplinary performances that take place anywhere
Disbanded in 1968 and regrouped as The Grand Union which had equal say, equal membership
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Fred Herko
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Reenacted his suicide by dancing from the bathtub to the window and eventually going out the window
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Katherine Dunham
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Known as "Matriarch and Queen Mother of Black Dance"
She was a dancer, choreographer, songwriter, author
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Pearl Primus
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Modern dancer, teacher, and anthropologist
Choreographed "Strange Fruit" about a black man being lynched by a white racist
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Alvin Alley
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Dancer and choreographer who founded the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in 1958.
Student of Martha Graham and Lester Horton
Funding father of modern dance globally
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Revelations
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Alvin Alley's most famous work
Had celebratory study of religious spirit in the rural south
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Jazz, Musical Theater, and Tap
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Dances with roots of African American culture
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Minstrel Shows
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American Entertainment consisting of variety acts performed by whites in blackface and after the Civil War blacks performed as well in blackface
Showcased black songs and dances on stage
Whites originally appeared in blackface and eventually blacks joined as well
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Blackface
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Form of theatrical makeup used in minstrel shows, and later vaudeville, in which performers create a stereotyped caricature of a black person.
Gained popularity in the 19th century and contributed to stereotypes such as "happy-go-lucky dark on the plantation" or the "dandified coon"
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Musical Theater
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Has its roots in jazz dance
Uses dance to move the storyline along
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Agnes de Mille
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Pioneer of musical theater choreography
Choreographed the show Oklahoma
Changed the musical theater format by creating a truly artistic representation of dance on stage and screen
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Bob Fosse
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Popular musical theater choreographer
Film career was cut short because of premature balding so be became a director for musical theater
Signature props were bowler hats, canes, and chairs
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Sweaty Charity, Cabaret, Chicago, and All That Jazz
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Bob Fosse's most famous works
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Tap Dance
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Combination of English dog, Irish jig, and Negro Shuffle
The sound is produced by rhythms of dancers feet
Highly improvisational and syncopated
Many different styles of tap dancing
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Rhythm Tap
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Focuses on the Acoustic rather than the aesthetic.
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Savion Glover
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Known as a Hoofer which is contemporary description of a Rhythm tapper
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Class Act
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Dealing with absolute perfection of sound, steps, and manner.
Driven by the desire for African American respectability and equality on the American Concert Stage
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Flash Act
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A type of tap that is highly acrobatic with a high level of artistry and daring improvisation
Made famous by the Nicholas Brothers.
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Soft Shoe
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A form of tap only done with soft soled shoes without metal taps attached
Made famous by Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
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Social Dance
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A product of the cultures and time periods
Came from African American Culture
1950's Rock and Roll was derived from rhythm and blues
Chubby Checker popularized the "Twist"
The monkey and the mashed potato were all popular
The Vietnam War protest, the Civil Rights Movement, and drugs informed the radical identity of youngsters in the 1960's.
"Woodstock" a music festival where hippies did free-style dancing and drugs while listening to popular music of the time
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1970's Dance
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The Disco, The Hustle, and The Bus Stop
Studio 54 was a popular New York nightclub
Soul Train was a TV show popularized these 70's
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Break Dancing
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An improvisational form of dance developed in the South Bronx and Brooklyn by Latino and African American youngsters in the mid 1970's
Highly energetic and had a battle dance structure
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Evolution of Break Dancing
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Performed on the street on top of a cardboard surface
Became popular because of pop culture and shows like MTV and VH1
The movie "Flash Dance" had a scene in which a female dancer auditioned with hiphop
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Krumping
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An American urban dance that is informed by the lifestyles of South Central La and African youth
It is improvisational and very competition orientated
Also a contemporary Folk Dance
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